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Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
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An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
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2006 |
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Appl. Geochem. |
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21 |
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12 |
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2188-2200 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
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Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
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0883-2927 |
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Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
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44 |
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Entrena, A.L.; Serrano, J.R.; Villoria, A. |
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Descontaminacion de aguas de mina con recuperacion de los metales contenidos en ellas. Decontamination of mine waters by recovering the metals contained within them VIII congreso internacional de Mineria y metalurgia; tomo 8. VIII international conference on Mining and metallurgy; Volume 8 |
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Book Chapter |
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1988 |
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Congreso Internacional de Mineria y Metalurgia, vol.8 |
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156-173 |
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actinides; Castilla y Leon Spain; decontamination; Europe; Iberian Peninsula; iron minerals; Leon region; metals; mines; pollution; recovery; remediation; Salamanca Spain; Southern Europe; Spain; uranium; water pollution 22, Environmental geology |
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Asociacion Nacional de Ingenieros de Minas de Espana, O. |
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Descontaminacion de aguas de mina con recuperacion de los metales contenidos en ellas. Decontamination of mine waters by recovering the metals contained within them VIII congreso internacional de Mineria y metalurgia; tomo 8. VIII international conference on Mining and metallurgy; Volume 8; GeoRef; Spanish; 1997-066026; 8. Congreso internacional de Mineria y metalurgia, Oviedo, Spain, 1988 4 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6774 |
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389 |
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Cravotta, C.A., III; Watzlaf, G.R.; Naftz, D.L.; Morrison, S.J.; Fuller, C.C.; Davis, J.A. |
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Design and performance of limestone drains to increase pH and remove metals from acidic mine drainage Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers; applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients |
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2002 |
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acid mine drainage; alkaline earth metals; aquatic environment; aquifers; calcium; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; construction; construction materials; crushed stone; dissolved materials; drainage; effluents; ground water; limestone; magnesium; metals; pH; pollution; porous materials; precipitation; retention; saturation; sedimentary rocks; sulfate ion; suspended materials 22, Environmental geology |
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Academic Press |
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Amsterdam |
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0125135637 |
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Design and performance of limestone drains to increase pH and remove metals from acidic mine drainage Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers; applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients; GeoRef; English; 2004-040518; References: 66; illus. incl. 4 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5686 |
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81 |
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Author |
Jarvis, A.P. |
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Design, construction and performance of passive systems for the treatment of mine and spoil heap drainage |
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2000 |
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Sewage Geochemistry County Durham Compost wetland Reactor Water pollution & oil pollution |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Newcastle upon Tyne, |
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Design, construction and performance of passive systems for the treatment of mine and spoil heap drainage; Opac |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7115 |
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340 |
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Nairn, R.W.; Hedin, R.S. |
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Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage |
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1992 |
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Wetlands; proceedings of the 13th annual conference; Society of Wetland Scientists |
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224-229 |
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acidic composition; alkalinity; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; biodegradation; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; coal mines; constructed wetlands; construction; limestone; mine drainage; mines; North America; Pennsylvania; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; remediation; sedimentary rocks; United States; western Pennsylvania; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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Landin, M.C. |
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Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 1996-062750; 13th annual conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, LA, United States, May 31-June 6, 1992 References: 7 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6720 |
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289 |
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