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Author |
Fisher, T.S.R.; Lawrence, G.A. |
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Title |
Treatment of acid rock drainage in a meromictic mine pit lake |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of environmental engineering |
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132 |
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4 |
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515-526 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) meromictic lake acid mine drainage mine waste copper water pollution Bacteria microorganisms Canada Vancouver Island British Columbia North America |
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Abstract |
The Island Copper Mine pit near Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, B.C., Canada, was flooded in 1996 with seawater and capped with fresh water to form a meromictic (permanently stratified) pit lake of maximum depth 350 m and surface area 1.72 km2. The pit lake is being developed as a treatment system for acid rock drainage. The physical structure and water quality has developed into three distinct layers: a brackish and well-mixed upper layer; a plume stirred intermediate layer; and a thermally convecting lower layer. Concentrations of dissolved metals have been maintained well below permit limits by fertilization of the surface waters. The initial mine closure plan proposed removal of heavy metals by metal-sulfide precipitation via anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria, once anoxic conditions were established in the intermediate and lower layers. Anoxia has been achieved in the lower layer, but oxygen consumption rates have been less than initially predicted, and anoxia has yet to be achieved in the intermediate layer. If anoxia can be permanently established in the intermediate layer then biogeochemical removal rates may be high enough that fertilization may no longer be necessary. < copyright > 2006 ASCE. |
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Prof. G.A. Lawrence, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada lawrence@civil.ubc.ca |
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0733-9372 |
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Apr.; Treatment of acid rock drainage in a meromictic mine pit lake; 2873922; United-States 38; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17494 |
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72 |
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Wolkersdorfer, C. |
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Mine water tracing |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Geological Society Special Publication |
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- |
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198 |
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47-60 |
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Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) flooding seepage abandoned mine tracer groundwater flow |
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This paper describes how tracer tests can be used in flooded underground mines to evaluate the hydrodynamic conditions or reliability of dams. Mine water tracer tests are conducted in order to evaluate the flow paths of seepage water, connections from the surface to the mine, and to support remediation plans for abandoned and flooded underground mines. There are only a few descriptions of successful tracer tests in the literature, and experience with mine water tracing is limited. Potential tracers are restricted due to the complicated chemical composition or low pH mine waters. A new injection and sampling method ('LydiA'-technique) overcomes some of the problems in mine water tracing. A successful tracer test from the Harz Mountains in Germany with Lycopodium clavatum, microspheres and sodium chloride is described, and the results of 29 mine water tracer tests indicate mean flow velocities of between 0.3 and 1.7 m min-1. |
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C. Wolkersdorfer, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lehrstuhl fur Hydrogeologie, Gustav-Zeuner-Strasse 12, Freiberg, Sachsen D-09599, Germany c.wolke@tu-freiberg.de |
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0305-8719 |
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Mine water tracing; 2463597; United-Kingdom 71; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17528 |
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83 |
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Blowes, D.W.; Ptacek, C.J.; Benner, S.G.; McRae, C.W.T.; Puls, R.W. |
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Title |
Treatment of dissolved metals using permeable reactive barriers |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
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Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection |
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250 |
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483-490 |
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adsorption; aquifers; attenuation; dissolved materials; metals; nutrients; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; reduction; water treatment Groundwater quality Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater acid mine drainage aquifer pollution conference proceedings containment barrier metal tailings Canada Ontario Nickel Rim Mine United States North Carolina Elizabeth City mine water treatment |
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Permeable reactive barriers are a promising new approach to the treatment of dissolved contaminants in aquifers. This technology has progressed rapidly from laboratory studies to full-scale implementation over the past decade. Laboratory treatability studies indicate the potential for treatment of a large number of inorganic contaminants, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tc, U, V, NO3, PO4, and SO4. Small scale field studies have indicated the potential for treatment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, NO3, PO4, and SO4. Permeable reactive barriers have been used in full-scale installations for the treatment of hexavalent chromium, dissolved constituents associated with acid-mine drainage, including SO4, Fe, Ni, Co and Zn, and dissolved nutrients, including nitrate and phosphate. A full-scale barrier designed to prevent the release of contaminants associated with inactive mine tailings impoundment was installed at the Nickel Rim mine site in Canada in August 1995. This reactive barrier removes Fe, SO,, Ni and other metals. The effluent from the barrier is neutral in pH and contains no acid-generating potential, and dissolved metal concentrations are below regulatory guidelines. A full-scale reactive barrier was installed to treat Cr(VI) and halogenated hydrocarbons at the US Coast Guard site in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA in June 1996. This barrier removes Cr(VI) from >8 mg l(-1) to <0.01 mg l(-1). |
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0144-7815 |
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Treatment of dissolved metals using permeable reactive barriers; Isip:000079718200072; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 8601 |
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178 |
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Blowes, D.W.; Bain, J.G.; Smyth, D.J.; Ptacek, C.J.; Jambor, J.L.; Blowes, D.W.; Ritchie, A.I.M. |
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Treatment of mine drainage using permeable reactive materials |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes |
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31 |
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361-376 |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; aquatic environment; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; bacteria; biodegradation; Canada; case studies; chemical reactions; Cochrane District Ontario; concentration; damage; degradation; disposal barriers; Eastern Canada; effluents; environmental analysis; ferric iron; Fry Canyon; ground water; iron; Kidd Creek Site; metal ores; metals; mines; models; Monticello Canyon; Ontario; pollution; preferential flow; reactive barriers; remediation; sediments; solid waste; sulfate ion; sulfates; sulfides; tailings; Timmins Ontario; United States; uranium ores; Utah; waste disposal; waste management; waste rock mine water treatment |
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0144-7815 |
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Treatment of mine drainage using permeable reactive materials; Ccc:000186842900017; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7910 |
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182 |
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Author |
Zinck, J.M.; Aube, B.C. |
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Optimization of lime treatment processes |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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CIM Bull. |
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93 |
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1043 |
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98-105 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) acid mine drainage buffering lime Canada |
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Lime neutralization technology is widely used in Canada for the treatment of acid mine drainage and other acidic effluents. In many locations, improvements to the lime neutralization process are necessary to achieve a maximum level of sludge densification and stability. Conventional lime neutralization technology effectively removes dissolved metals to below regulated limits. However, the metal hydroxide and gypsum sludge generated is voluminous and often contains less than 5% solids. Despite recent improvements in the lime neutralization technology, each year, more than 6 700 000 m3 of sludge are generated by treatment facilities operated by the Canadian mining industry. Because lime neutralization is still seen as the best available approach for some sites, sludge production and stability are expected to remain as issues in the near future. Several treatment parameters significantly impact operating costs, effluent quality, sludge production and the geochemical stability of the sludge. Studies conducted both at CANMET and NTC have shown that through minor modifications to the treatment process, plant operators can experience a reduction in operating costs, volume of sludge generated, metal release to the environment and liability. This paper discusses how modifications in plant operation and design can reduce treatment costs and liability associated with lime treatment. |
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J.M. Zinck, CANMET, Mining and Mineral Sciences Lab., Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada |
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0317-0926 |
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Optimization of lime treatment processes; 2291672; Canada 17; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17537 |
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183 |
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