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Author |
Barton, C.D.; Karathanasis, A.D. |
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Title |
Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage |
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Year |
1997 |
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AAPG Eastern Section and the Society for Organic Petrology joint meeting; abstracts |
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1545 |
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acid mine drainage aerobic environment air-water interface anaerobic environment attenuation buffers constructed wetlands controls diffusion iron manganese metals mineral composition pollution precipitation processes SEM data solubility solution sulfate ion sulfur wetlands X-ray diffraction data 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
The use of constructed wetlands for acid mine drainage amelioration has become a popular alternative to conventional treatment methods, however, the metal attenuation processes of these systems are poorly understood. Precipitates from biotic and abiotic zones of a staged constructed wetland treating high metal load (approx. equal to 1000 mg L (super -1) ) and low pH (approx. 3.0) acid mine drainage were characterized by chemical dissolution, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Characterization of abiotic/aerobic zones within the treatment system suggest the presence of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides such as hematite, lepidocrocite, goethite, and jarosite. At the air/water interface of initial abiotic treatment zones, SO (sub 4) /Fe ratios were low enough (<2.0) for the formation of jarosite and goethite, but as the ratio increased due to treatment and subsequent reductions in iron concentration, jarosite was transformed to other Fe-oxyhydroxysulfates and goethite formation was inhibited. In addition, elevated pH conditions occurring in the later stages of treatment promoted the formation of amorphous iron oxyhydroxides. Biotic wetland cell substrate characterizations suggest the presence of amorphous iron minerals such as ferrihydrite and Fe(OH) (sub 3) . Apparently, high Fe (super 3+) activity, low Eh and low oxygen diffusion rates in the anaerobic subsurface environment inhibit the kinetics of crystalline iron precipitation. Some goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite, however, were observed near the surface in biotic areas and are most likely attributable to increased oxygen levels from surface aeration and/or oxygen transport by plant roots. Alkalinity generation from limestone dissolution within the substrate and bacterially mediated sulfate reduction also has a significant role on the mineral retention process. The formation of gypsum, rhodochrocite and siderite are by-products of alkalinity generating reactions in this system and may have an impact on S, Mn, and Fe solubility controls. Moreover, the buffering of acidity through excess alkalinity appears to facilitate the precipitation and retention of metals within the system. |
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AAPG Bulletin |
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81 |
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Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 1997-067790; AAPG Eastern Section and the Society for Organic Petrology joint meeting, Lexington, KY, United States, Sep. 27-30, 1997 |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16630 |
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70 |
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Cravotta, C.A., III; Watzlaf, G.R.; Naftz, D.L.; Morrison, S.J.; Fuller, C.C.; Davis, J.A. |
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Design and performance of limestone drains to increase pH and remove metals from acidic mine drainage Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers; applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2002 |
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acid mine drainage; alkaline earth metals; aquatic environment; aquifers; calcium; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; construction; construction materials; crushed stone; dissolved materials; drainage; effluents; ground water; limestone; magnesium; metals; pH; pollution; porous materials; precipitation; retention; saturation; sedimentary rocks; sulfate ion; suspended materials 22, Environmental geology |
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Academic Press |
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Amsterdam |
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0125135637 |
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Design and performance of limestone drains to increase pH and remove metals from acidic mine drainage Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers; applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients; GeoRef; English; 2004-040518; References: 66; illus. incl. 4 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5686 |
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81 |
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Schwartz, M.O.; Ploethner, D. |
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From mine water to drinking water; heavy-metal removal by carbonate precipitation in the Grootfontein-Omatako Canal, Namibia |
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Book Chapter |
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1999 |
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Africa; aluminum; cadmium; canals; carbonates; copper; drinking water; geochemistry; Grootfontein-Omatako Canal; heavy metals; hydrochemistry; iron; lead; manganese; metallogenic provinces; metals; mine drainage; mineral deposits, genesis; mines; Namibia; policy; precipitation; purification; Southern Africa; transport; water management; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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Bundesanst. fuer Geowiss. und Rohstoffe |
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Hanover |
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From mine water to drinking water; heavy-metal removal by carbonate precipitation in the Grootfontein-Omatako Canal, Namibia; GeoRef; English; 2002-033925; International congress on Mine, water and environment, Seville, Spain, Sept. 13, 1999 References: 7; 2 tables, sketch maps |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5929 |
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250 |
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Author |
Rammlmair, D.; Grissemann, C. |
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Title |
Natural attenuation in slag heaps versus remediation |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Applied mineralogy in research, economy, technology, ecology and culture |
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645-648 |
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acid mine drainage; alteration; concentration; concepts; crust; deposition; design; development; diagenesis; exhalative processes; fines; fluvial features; ground water; leaching; metallurgy; mining; mining geology; mobilization; natural attenuation; physicochemical properties; Plantae; pollution; precipitation; remediation; rivers; slag; time scales; toxic materials; transportation; volatiles; wind transport 22, Environmental geology |
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Rammlmair, D.; Mederer, J.; Oberthuer, T.; Heimann, R.B.; Pentinghaus, H.J. |
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9058091643 |
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Natural attenuation in slag heaps versus remediation; GeoRef; English; 2007-039910; Sixth international congress on Applied mineralogy in research, economy, technology, ecology, and culture, Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany, July 17-19, 2000 References: 5; illus. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5864 |
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266 |
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Kingham, N.W.; Semenak, R.; Powell, G.; Way, S. |
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Reverse osmosis coupled with chemical precipitation treatment of acid mine leachate at the Basin-Luttrell Pit, Ten Mile Creek Site, Lewis and Clark County, Montana Hardrock mining 2002; issues shaping the industry |
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2002 |
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acid mine drainage; Basin-Luttrell Pit; cost; environmental effects; leachate; Lewis and Clark County Montana; metals; Montana; osmosis; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; reverse osmosis; soils; sulfates; tailings; Ten Mile Creek; United States; waste rock; waste water; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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Reverse osmosis coupled with chemical precipitation treatment of acid mine leachate at the Basin-Luttrell Pit, Ten Mile Creek Site, Lewis and Clark County, Montana Hardrock mining 2002; issues shaping the industry; GeoRef; English; 2007-046128; Hardrock mining 2002; issues shaping the industry, Westminster, CO, United States, May 7-9, 2002 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5610 |
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331 |
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