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Author |
Arango, I. |
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Title |
Evaluation of the beneficial effects of the acidophilic alga Euglena mutabilis on acid mine drainage systems |
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2002 |
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acid mine drainage atmospheric precipitation benthic taxa bioremediation dissolved materials dissolved oxygen electron microscopy data Euglena mutabilis Green Valley Mine ICP mass spectra Indiana iron mass spectra metals microorganisms mines oxygen pH photochemistry photosynthesis pollution rain remediation sediments soils spectra temperature United States Vigo County Indiana water 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Euglena mutabilis is an acidophilic, photosynthetic protozoan that forms benthic mats in acid mine drainage (AMD) channels. At the Green Valley mine, western Indiana, E. mutabilis resides in AMD measuring <4.2 pH, with high concentrations of dissolved constituents (up to 22.67 g/l). One of the main factors influencing E. mutabilis distribution is water temperature. The microbe forms thick (>1 mm), extensive mats during spring and fall, when water temperature is between 13 and 28 degrees C. During winter and summer, when temperatures are outside this range, benthic communities have a very patchy distribution and are restricted to areas protected from extreme temperature changes. E. mutabilis also responds to rapid increases in pH, which are associated with rainfall events. During these events pH can increase above 4.0, causing precipitation of Fe and Al oxy-hydroxides that cover the mats. The microbe responds by moving through the precipitates, due to phototaxis, and reestablishing the community at the sediment-water interface within 12 hours. The biological activities of E. mutabilis may have a beneficial effect on AMD systems by removing iron from effluent via oxygenic photosynthesis, and/or by internal sequestration. Photosynthesis by E. mutabilis contributes elevated concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), up to 17.25 mg/l in the field and up to 11.83 mg/l in the laboratory, driving oxidation and precipitation of reduced metal species, especially Fe (II), which are dissolved in the effluent. In addition, preliminary electro-microscopic and staining analyses of the reddish intracellular granules in E. mutabilis indicate that the granules contain iron, suggesting that E. mutabilis sequesters iron from AMD. Inductive coupled plasma analysis of iron concentration in AMD with and without E. mutabilis also shows that E. mutabilis accelerates the rate of Fe removal from the media. Whether iron removal is accelerated by internal sequestration of iron and/or by precipitation via oxygenic photosynthesis has yet to be determined. These biological activities may play an important role in the natural remediation of AMD systems. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Indiana State University, |
Place of Publication |
Terre Haute |
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Evaluation of the beneficial effects of the acidophilic alga Euglena mutabilis on acid mine drainage systems; GeoRef; English; References: 39; illus. incl. 3 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16491 |
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476 |
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Blowes, D.W.; Bain, J.G.; Smyth, D.J.; Ptacek, C.J.; Jambor, J.L.; Blowes, D.W.; Ritchie, A.I.M. |
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Title |
Treatment of mine drainage using permeable reactive materials |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes |
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31 |
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361-376 |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; aquatic environment; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; bacteria; biodegradation; Canada; case studies; chemical reactions; Cochrane District Ontario; concentration; damage; degradation; disposal barriers; Eastern Canada; effluents; environmental analysis; ferric iron; Fry Canyon; ground water; iron; Kidd Creek Site; metal ores; metals; mines; models; Monticello Canyon; Ontario; pollution; preferential flow; reactive barriers; remediation; sediments; solid waste; sulfate ion; sulfates; sulfides; tailings; Timmins Ontario; United States; uranium ores; Utah; waste disposal; waste management; waste rock mine water treatment |
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0144-7815 |
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Treatment of mine drainage using permeable reactive materials; Ccc:000186842900017; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7910 |
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182 |
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Mustikkamaki, U.-P. |
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Metallipitoisten vesien biologisesta kasittelysta Outokummun kaivoksilla. Metal content treated with biological methods at the Outokummun operation |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Vuoriteollisuus = Bergshanteringen |
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58 |
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1 |
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44-47 |
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acid mine drainage anaerobic environment bacteria biodegradation environmental analysis Europe filters Finland metals Outokummun Mine peat pollutants pollution reduction Scandinavia sediments sulfate ion Western Europe zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most serious environmental problems in the metal-mining industry. AMD is formed by the chemical and bacterial oxidation of sulphide minerals, and it is characterized by low pH values and high sulphate and metals content. The most common method to treat AMD is chemical neutralization. The chemical treatment requires high capital and operating costs and its use is problematic at the closed mines sites. Outokumpu has studied and used sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) as an alternative method for the treatment of AMD. SRB existing in many natural anaerobic aqueous environments can reduce sulphate to sulphide which precipitates metals as extremely insoluble metal sulphides. Full scale experiments were begun in summer 1995 in the Ruostesuo open pit (depth 46 m) by adding liquid manure as a source of bacteria and press-juice as a growth substrate. The average Zn content of the whole column has decreased from 3,5 mg/l to 0,8 mg/l and below 25 m zinc is 0 mg/l. Similar results have been reached with nickel in the Kotalahti old nickel mine, where bacteria were brought in 1996. We have found that the same bacterial mechanism acts in peat-limestone filters, which Outokumpu has built at several mine sites since 1993. |
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0042-9317 |
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Metallipitoisten vesien biologisesta kasittelysta Outokummun kaivoksilla. Metal content treated with biological methods at the Outokummun operation; 2001-069868; illus. incl. 3 tables Finland (FIN); GeoRef; Finnish |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16560 |
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291 |
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McConchie, D.M.; Clark, M.; Hanahan, C.; Baun, R. |
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Title |
New treatments for the old problems of acid mine drainage and sulphidic mine tailings storage |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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acid mine drainage; ash; carbonate rocks; clastic sediments; construction materials; crushed stone; hydroxides; iron hydroxides; iron oxides; mines; mud; oxides; pH; pollution; reclamation; red mud; remediation; sea water; sedimentary rocks; sediments; storage; sulfides; tailings; waste management 22, Environmental geology |
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Programme & Abstracts - International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry (ISEG), vol.5 |
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5th international symposium on Environmental geochemistry; conference abstracts and scientific programme |
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2006-033067; 5th international symposium on Environmental geochemistry, Cape Town, South Africa, April 2004; GeoRef; English |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 5858 |
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304 |
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Bolzicco, J.; Carrera, J.; Ayora, C. |
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Eficiencia de la barrera permeable reactiva de Aznalcollar (Sevilla, Espana) como remedio de aguas acidas de mina. Reactive permeable disposal barrier at Aznalcollar Mine, Seville, Spain; as remediation for acid mine drainage |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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Revista Latino-Americana de Hidrogeologia |
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4 |
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27-34 |
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abandoned mines acid mine drainage Agrio River Andalusia Spain aquifers Aznalcollar Mine Cenozoic chemical composition chemical ratios copper ores dams disposal barriers drainage basins Europe geochemistry ground water Guadiamar River hydrochemistry Iberian Peninsula Iberian pyrite belt igneous rocks metal ores mineral composition mines mining Miocene Neogene permeability pH pollution reactive barriers remediation sedimentary rocks sediments Seville Spain Southern Europe Spain surface water tailings Tertiary volcanic rocks waste disposal water treatment zinc ores 22, Environmental geology |
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As a result of the collapse of a mine tailing dam in april 1998 about 40 km of the Agrio and Guadiamar valleys were covered with a layer of pyrite sludge. Although most of the sludge was removed, a small amount remains in the soil of the Agrio valley and the aquifer remains polluted with acid water (ph<4) and metals (10 mg/L Zn, 5 mg/L Cu and Al). A permeable reactive barrier was build across the aquifer to increase the alcalinity and retain the metals. The barrier is made up of three sections of 30 m longX1.4 m thickX5 m deep (average) containing different proportions of limestone gravel, organic compost and zero-valent iron. The residence time of the water in the barrier is about two days. Within the barrier, the pH values increase to near neutral mainly due to calcite dissolution. Metals co-precipitate as oxyhydroxides, and they are also adsorbed on the organic matter surface. Down-stream the barrier, the total pollution removal is around 60-90% for Zn and Cu, and from 50 to 90% for Al and acidity. |
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Eficiencia de la barrera permeable reactiva de Aznalcollar (Sevilla, Espana) como remedio de aguas acidas de mina. Reactive permeable disposal barrier at Aznalcollar Mine, Seville, Spain; as remediation for acid mine drainage; 2004-072864; References: 7; illus. incl. geol. sketch map Brazil (BRA); GeoRef; Spanish |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16471 |
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443 |
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