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Author |
Smith, I.J.H. |
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AMD treatment, it works but are we using the right equipment? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Tailings and mine waste ' |
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419-427 |
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Groundwater problems and environmental effects geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) acid mine drainage conference proceedings methodology mine drainage remediation waste management |
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Abstract |
For the past 40 years various approaches have been developed to treat acid waters coming from abandoned as well as operating mining operations. System designs have evolved to meet increasingly stringent discharge permit limits for treated water, as well as to provide solid disposal within economic constraints. A treatment system for remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid groundwater (AG) requires two main steps: 1. The addition of chemicals to precipitate dissolved metals contained in the waters, and if necessary, to coagulate the precipitated solids ahead of physical separation. 2. Physical separation of the precipitated solids from the water so the water can be lawfully discharged from the site. Choosing the appropriate technology and equipment results in the most efficient plant design, the lowest capital outlay, and minimum operating cost. The goal of these plants is to discharge liquids and solids able to meet standards. The separation of solids from liquids can be achieved through various means, including gravity settling, flotation, mechanical dewatering, filtration and evaporation. As important as the liquid solids separation unit operations are, they are driven by the chemistry of the water to be treated. The content of the dissolved solids will influence the quality and quantity of the solids produced during precipitation. Thus the two aspects must be integrated, with chemistry first, then mechanical engineering. This presentation will provide an overview of a number of liquid solids separation tools currently being used to treat AMD-AG at several sites in the USA. It will also discuss how their operations are impacted by the chemistry of their particular acid water feeds. The tools used include clarifier-thickeners, solids contact clarifiers, dissolved air flotation, polishing filters, membrane filters, and mechanical dewatering devices (belt and filter presses, vacuum filters, and driers). |
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J.H. Smith III, SEPCO Incorporated, Fort Collins, CO, United States |
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Book; Conference-Paper; AMD treatment, it works but are we using the right equipment?; 2263351; Using Smart Source Parsing 00-Proceedings-of-the-7th-international-conference-Fort-Collins-January- 2000 Netherlands; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17541 |
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237 |
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Srivastave, A.; Chhonkar, P.K. |
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Title |
Amelioration of coal mine spoils through fly ash application as liming material |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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J. Ind. Res. |
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59 |
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4 |
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309-313 |
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Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) mitigation fly ash feasibility study acid mine drainage lime |
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The feasibility of fly ash as compared to lime to ameliorate the low pH of acidic coal mine spoils under controlled pot culture conditions are reported using Sudan grass (Sorghum studanens) and Oats (Avena sativa) as indicator crops. It is observed that at all levels of applications, fly ash and lime significantly increase the pH of mine spoils, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, available sulphur and also uptake of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and oven-dried biomass of both these test crops. The fly ash significantly decreases the bulk density of coal mine spoils, but, there is no effect on bulk density due to lime application. However, when the spoils are amended with either fly ash or lime, the root growth occurs throughout the material. Fly ash and lime do not cause elemental toxicities to the plants as evidenced from the dry matter production by the test crops. The results indicate that fly ash to be a potential alternative to lime for treating acidic coal mine spoils. |
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P.K. Chhonkar, Div. of Soil Sci. and Agr. Chem., Indian Agricultural Research Inst., New Delhi 110 012, India |
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0022-4456 |
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Amelioration of coal mine spoils through fly ash application as liming material; 2364216; India 18; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17535 |
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234 |
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Ntengwe, F.W. |
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An overview of industrial wastewater treatment and analysis as means of preventing pollution of surface and underground water bodies – The case of Nkana Mine in Zambia |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Phys. Chem. Earth |
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30 |
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11-16 Spec. Iss. |
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726-734 |
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mine water treatment Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) wastewater pollution control acid mine drainage Hyacinthus Zambia Southern Africa Sub Saharan Africa Africa Eastern Hemisphere World |
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The wastewaters coming from mining operations usually have low pH (acidic) values and high levels of metal pollutants depending on the type of metals being extracted. If unchecked, the acidity and metals will have an impact on the surface water. The organisms and plants can adversely be affected and this renders both surface and underground water unsuitable for use by the communities. The installation of a treatment plant that can handle the wastewaters so that pH and levels of pollutants are reduced to acceptable levels provides a solution to the prevention of polluting surface and underground waters and damage to ecosystems both in water and surrounding soils. The samples were collected at five points and analyzed for acidity, total suspended solids, and metals. It was found that the pH fluctuated between pH 2 when neutralization was forgotten and pH 11 when neutralization took place. The levels of metals that could cause impacts to the water ecosystem were found to be high when the pH was low. High levels of metals interfere with multiplication of microorganisms, which help in the natural purification of water in stream and river bodies. The fish and hyacinth placed in water at the two extremes of pH 2 and pH 11 could not survive indicating that wastewaters from mining areas should be adequately treated and neutralized to pH range 6-9 if life in natural waters is to be sustained. < copyright > 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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F.W. Ntengwe, Copperbelt University, School of Technology, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia fntengwe@cbu.ac.zm |
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1474-7065 |
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Review; An overview of industrial wastewater treatment and analysis as means of preventing pollution of surface and underground water bodies – The case of Nkana Mine in Zambia; 2790318; United-Kingdom 23; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10301.pdf; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17497 |
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24 |
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Beck, P. |
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CL:AIRE – Providing support for remediation research |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Land Contam. Reclam. |
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11 |
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2 |
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99-104 |
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Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) contaminated land remediation guideline acid mine drainage hydrochemistry |
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CL:AIRE (Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments) is a public-private partnership which was established in 1999 to encourage the demonstration of remediation research and technologies on contaminated sites throughout the UK. Project proposals are submitted to CL:AIRE and reviewed and approved by the CL:AIRE Technology & Research Group. CL:AIRE provides independent verification of its projects and plays a crucial role in the dissemination of project information. During the course of the project, progress is reported through the newsletter, CL:AIRE view, which is mailed free of charge to a database of more than 4500 stakeholders with an interest in contaminated land. Progress is also tracked on the CL:AIRE website at www.claire.co.uk. On completion of the project, a project report is published and a one page summary fact sheet is prepared. The fact sheet is distributed to our database subscribers and posted on the website. The project is also presented at the CL:AIRE Annual Project Conference. In addition, aspects of the research which have practical application will be published as CL:AIRE Research Bulletins. Acid mine waters discharging from abandoned mines represent a significant environmental problem in many parts of the UK. Considerable research has been carried out to understand the geochemical process involved, and the knowledge has been used to manage groundwater discharge through physical/chemical treatment and constructed wetlands. CL:AIRE supports the development of a national site for wetland research managed by the University of Newcastle and will encourage collaborative research projects to be submitted through CL:AIRE. CL:AIRE is currently supporting two projects which demonstrate remediation of acid mine drainage and is disseminating the results of this and other research to improve confidence in the use of these techniques. |
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P. Beck, CL:AIRE, 1 Great Cumberland Place, London W1H 7AL, United Kingdom |
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0967-0513 |
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CL:AIRE – Providing support for remediation research; 2530414; United-Kingdom 2; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17524 |
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461 |
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Benzaazoua, M.; Bussiere, B. |
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Desulphurization of tailings with low neutralizing potential; kinetic study and flotation modeling |
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Book Chapter |
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1999 |
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Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II; conference proceedings |
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acid mine drainage chemical properties chemical reactions environmental analysis environmental effects experimental studies flotation geochemistry kinetics laboratory studies mathematical models neutralization pH pollution sulfur tailings 22 Environmental geology 02A General geochemistry |
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Environmental desulphurization is an attractive alternative for acid generating tailings management as demonstrated during the last few years. In fact, such process placed at the end of the primary treatment circuit allows to reduce greatly the amount of problematic tailings by concentrating the sulphidic fraction. Moreover, the desulphurized tailings (non-acid generating) have the geotechnical and environmental properties for being used as fine material in a cover with capillary barrier effects. To produce desulphurized tailings, non selective froth flotation is the most adapted method as shown in many previous works. Desulphurization level is fixed by tailings sulphur content (or sulphide content) and neutralization potential NP. The final residue should have enough NP to compensate for his acid generating potential AP. In this paper, the authors present the results of laboratory tests conducted in Denver cells for studying the sulphide flotation kinetics of four mine tailings which are characterized by a weak neutralization potential (under 37 kg CaCO (sub 3) /t). Tailings 1, 2, 3 and 4 contain respectively 5.27, 10, 4.25 and 16.9 sulphur Wt. %. Tailings 1 and 2 are cyanide free and are well floated at pH around 11 by using amyl xanthate as collector. Collector dosage was optimized for these tailings and the results show that Tailing 2 need more collector. However, Tailings 3 and 4, which come from a gold cyanidation process, could not provide good sulphide recovery with xanthate collector because of the pyrite depression. To overcome this problem, amine acetate was used successfully but induces important entrainment. The consumption of this collector was also optimized. The results of kinetic tests and collector dosage were combined and modeled to establish relationships which allow to estimate the desulphurization performances. |
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Goldsack, D.; Belzile, N.; Yearwood, P.; Hall, G. |
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0886670470 |
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Desulphurization of tailings with low neutralizing potential; kinetic study and flotation modeling; GeoRef; English; 2002-060841; Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II--Sudbury '99; L'exploitation miniere et l'environnement, Sudbury, ON, Canada, Sept. 13-17, 1999 References: 26; illus. incl. 5 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16572 |
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452 |
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