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Watzlaf, G.R.; Schroeder, K.T.; Kairies, C.L. |
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2000 |
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262-274 |
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passive treatment anoxic limestone drains wetlands sulfate reduction successive alkalinity-producing systems acid mine drainage ALD SAPS RAPS |
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Abstract |
Ten passive treatment systems, located in Pennsylvania and Maryland, have been intensively monitored for up to ten years. Influent and effluent water quality data from ten anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) and six reducing and alkalinity-producing systems (RAPS) have been analyzed to determine long-term performance for each of these specific unit operations. ALDs and RAPS are used principally to generate alkalinity, ALDs are buried beds of limestone that add alkalinity through dissolution of calcite. RAPS add alkalinity through both limestone dissolution and bacterial sulfate reduction. ALDs that received mine water containing less than 1 mg/L of both ferric iron and aluminum have continued to produce consistent concentrations of alkalinity since their construction. However, an ALD that received 20 mg/L of aluminum experienced a rapid reduction in permeability and failed within five months. Maximum levels of alkalinity (between 150 and 300 m&) appear to be reached after I5 hours of retention. All but one RAPS in this study have been constructed and put into operation only within the past 2.5 to 5 years. One system has been in operation and monitored for more than nine years. AIkalinity due to sulfate reduction was highest during the first two summers of operation. Alkalinity due to a limestone dissolution has been consistent throughout the life of the system. For the six RAPS in this study, sulfate reduction contributed an average of 28% of the total alkalinity. Rate of total alkalinity generation range from 15.6 gd''rn-'to 62.4 gd-'mL2 and were dependent on influent water quality and contact time. |
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Proceedings, 17th Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation |
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Long-Term Perpormance of Alkalinity-Producing Passive Systems for the Treatment of Mine Drainage; 2; VORHANDEN | AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; als Datei vorhanden 4 Abb., 5 Tab. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17440 |
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216 |
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Author |
Nairn, R.W.; Hedin, R.S. |
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Title |
Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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1992 |
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Wetlands; proceedings of the 13th annual conference; Society of Wetland Scientists |
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224-229 |
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acidic composition; alkalinity; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; biodegradation; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; coal mines; constructed wetlands; construction; limestone; mine drainage; mines; North America; Pennsylvania; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; remediation; sedimentary rocks; United States; western Pennsylvania; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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Landin, M.C. |
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Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 1996-062750; 13th annual conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, LA, United States, May 31-June 6, 1992 References: 7 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6720 |
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289 |
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Wiseman, I.M.; Edwards, P.J.; Rutt, G.P. |
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Recovery of an aquatic ecosystem following treatment of abandoned mine drainage with constructed wetlands |
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2003 |
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Land Contam. Reclam. |
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11 |
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2 |
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221-230 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects Wetlands and estuaries geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) coal mine recovery aquatic ecosystem constructed wetland water treatment mine drainage abandoned mine |
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Seven kilometres of the River Pelenna in South Wales were impacted for approximately 30 years by discharges from abandoned coal mines. Elevated iron and low pH caused significant ochreous staining and had detrimental effects on the river ecology. The River Pelenna Mine water project constructed a series of passive wetland treatment systems to treat these discharges. Monitoring of the performance and environmental benefits of these has been undertaken as part of an Environment Agency R&D project. This project has assessed the changes in water quality as well as monitoring populations of invertebrates, fish and birds between 1993 and 2001. Performance data from the wetlands show that on average the three systems are removing between 82 and 95% of the iron loading from the mine waters. In the rivers downstream, the dissolved iron concentration has dropped to below the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) of 1 mg/L for the majority of the time. Increases in pH downstream of the discharges have also been demonstrated. Trout (Salmo trutta) recovered quickly following mine water treatment, returning the next year to areas that previously had no fish. Intermittent problems with overflows from the treatment systems temporarily depleted the numbers, but the latest data indicate a thriving population. The overflow problems and also background episodes of acidity have affected the recovery of the riverine invertebrates. However, there have been gradual improvements in the catchment, and in the summer of 2001 most sites held faunas which approached those found in unpolluted controls. Recovery of the invertebrate fauna is reflected in marked increases in the breeding success of riverine birds between 1996 and 2001. This study has shown that constructed wetlands can be an effective, low cost and sustainable solution to ecological damage caused by abandoned mine drainage. |
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I.M. Wiseman, Environment Agency Wales, 19 Penyfai Lane, Furnace, Llanelli SA15 4EL, United Kingdom |
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0967-0513 |
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Recovery of an aquatic ecosystem following treatment of abandoned mine drainage with constructed wetlands; 2530429; United-Kingdom 25; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17516 |
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206 |
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Banks, S.B. |
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The Coal Authority Minewater Treatment Programme: An update on the performance of operational schemes |
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2003 |
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Land Contam. Reclam. |
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11 |
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2 |
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161-164 |
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Wetlands and estuaries Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) constructed wetland mine drainage water treatment pollutant removal United Kingdom |
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The performance of mine water treatment schemes, operated under the Coal Authority's national Minewater Treatment Programme, is summarised. Most schemes for which data are available perform successfully and remove over 90% iron. Mean area-adjusted iron removal rates for reedbed components of treatment schemes, range from 1.5 to 5.5 g Fe/m2, with percentage iron removal rates ranging from 68% to 99%. In the majority of cases, calculated area-adjusted removal rates are limited by influent iron loadings, and the empirical sizing criterion for aerobic wetlands, based on American removal rates of 10 g Fe/m2day, remains a valuable tool in the initial stages of treatment system design and estimation of land area requirements. Where a number of schemes have required modification after becoming operational, due consideration must always be given to the potential for dramatic increases in influent iron loadings, and to how the balance between performance efficiency and aesthetic appearance can best be achieved. Continual review and feedback on the performance of treatment systems, and the problems encountered during design implementation, will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Minewater Treatment Programme within the UK. |
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S.B. Banks, Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick/Co. Ltd., Rose Hill West, Chesterfield S40 1JF, United Kingdom |
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0967-0513 |
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The Coal Authority Minewater Treatment Programme: An update on the performance of operational schemes; 2530421; United-Kingdom 4; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17519 |
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467 |
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Brooks, R.P.; Unz, R.F.; Davis, L.K.; Tarutis, W.J.; Yanchunas, J. |
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Title |
Long-term removal and retention of iron and manganese from acidic mine drainage by wetlands |
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1990 |
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147 |
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Acid mine drainage Wetlands Biological treatment Iron removal Manganese removal |
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A promising low-technology solution for treating acidic mine drainage (AMD) emanating from coal mined lands involves the use of constructed wetlands.^The research was directed at addressing questions about retention mechanisms for the long-term storage of iron and manganese in constructed wetlands dominated by broad-leaved cattails (Typha latifolia).^Three sites in central Pennsylvania spanning the range of water chemistry parameters found in AMD were investigated.^When the AMD was circumneutral, and metal loadings were low, 79% of the iron, and 48% of the manganese were retained on average.^In the highly acidic site (pH approx.^= 3), < 10% of the metal loadings were retained.^The primary retention mechanism appears to be the formation of metal oxides in the aerobic zones of the sediments.^Although most microbial isolates extracted from sediment cores originated in the aerobic portions of the sediments, there was no evidence that they were transforming metals.^When AMD is circumneutral and metal loadings are low, constructed wetlands can be an effective approach to treating mine drainage.^At sites with highly acidic waters and high metal loadings, the use of constructed wetlands to treat AMD may be ineffectual, and should be implemented with caution. |
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Long-term removal and retention of iron and manganese from acidic mine drainage by wetlands; Springfield, Va. : NTIS; Opac |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7082 |
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435 |
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