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Author  |
Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Lovett, R.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Title |
Open limestone channels for treating acid mine drainage; a new look at an old idea |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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acid mine drainage; acidic composition; acidification; Appalachians; carbonate rocks; chemical reactions; concentration; constructed wetlands; ground water; limestone; North America; Pennsylvania; pollution; sedimentary rocks; surface water; United States; water quality; water treatment; West Virginia; western Pennsylvania; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
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Morgantown |
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Open limestone channels for treating acid mine drainage; a new look at an old idea; GeoRef; English; 2004-051154; Edition: 2 References: 5; illus. incl. 5 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6364 |
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188 |
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Author |
Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Simmons, J. |
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Title |
Long-term Performance of Passive Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Mine Water Env. |
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22 |
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3 |
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118-129 |
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Keywords |
acidity acid load aerobic wetlands anaerobic wetlands anoxic limestone drains limestone leach beds open limestone channels slag leach beds successive alkalinity producing systems vertical flow wetlands |
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Abstract |
State and federal reclamation programs, mining operators, and citizen-based watershed organizations have constructed hundreds of passive systems in the eastern U.S. over the past 20 years to provide reliable, low cost, low maintenance mine water treatment in remote locations. While performance has been reported for individual systems, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of each treatment type for a wide variety of conditions. We evaluated 83 systems: five types in eight states. Each system was monitored for influent and effluent flow, pH, net acidity, and metal concentrations. Performance was normalized among types by calculating acid load reductions and removals, and by converting construction cost, projected service life, and metric tonnes of acid load treated into cost per tonne of acid treated. Of the 83 systems, 82 reduced acid load. Average acid load reductions were 9.9 t/yr for open limestone channels (OLC), 10.1 t/yr for vertical flow wetlands (VFW), 11.9 t/yr for anaerobic wetlands (AnW), 16.6 t/yr for limestone leach beds (LSB), and 22.2 t/yr for anoxic limestone drains (ALD). Average costs for acid removal varied from $83/t/yr for ALDs to $527 for AnWs. Average acid removals were 25 g/m2/day for AnWs, 62 g/m2/day for VFWs, 22 g/day/t for OLCs, 28 g/day/t for LSBs, and 56 g/day/t for ALDs. It appears that the majority of passive systems are effective but there was wide variation within each system type, so improved reliability and efficiency are needed. This report is an initial step in determining passive treatment system performance; additional work is needed to refine system designs and monitoring. |
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1025-9112 |
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Long-term Performance of Passive Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Systems; 1; FG 1 Abb., 7 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17454 |
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187 |
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Author |
Zinck, J. |
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2006 |
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2604-2617 |
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mine water lime treatment high density sludge process co-disposal sludge stability pond disposal backfill leaching mine reclamation |
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Sludge management is an escalating concern as the inventory of sludge continues to grow through perpetual “pump and treat” of acidic waters at mine sites. Current sludge management practices, in general, are ad hoc and frequently do not adress long-term storage, and in some cases, long-term stability. While a variety of sludge disposal practices have been applied, many have not been fully investigated and monitoring data on the performance of these technologies is limited and not readily available. This paper discusses options for treatment sludge management including conventionale disposal technologies and options for reclamation of sludge areas. |
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Proceedings, International Conference of Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD) |
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St. Louis |
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Icard 2006 |
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Disposal, reprocessing and reuse options for acidic drainage treatment sludge; 2; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; 2 Abb. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17455 |
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184 |
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Author |
Zinck, J.M.; Aube, B.C. |
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Title |
Optimization of lime treatment processes |
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2000 |
Publication |
CIM Bull. |
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93 |
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1043 |
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98-105 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) acid mine drainage buffering lime Canada |
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Lime neutralization technology is widely used in Canada for the treatment of acid mine drainage and other acidic effluents. In many locations, improvements to the lime neutralization process are necessary to achieve a maximum level of sludge densification and stability. Conventional lime neutralization technology effectively removes dissolved metals to below regulated limits. However, the metal hydroxide and gypsum sludge generated is voluminous and often contains less than 5% solids. Despite recent improvements in the lime neutralization technology, each year, more than 6 700 000 m3 of sludge are generated by treatment facilities operated by the Canadian mining industry. Because lime neutralization is still seen as the best available approach for some sites, sludge production and stability are expected to remain as issues in the near future. Several treatment parameters significantly impact operating costs, effluent quality, sludge production and the geochemical stability of the sludge. Studies conducted both at CANMET and NTC have shown that through minor modifications to the treatment process, plant operators can experience a reduction in operating costs, volume of sludge generated, metal release to the environment and liability. This paper discusses how modifications in plant operation and design can reduce treatment costs and liability associated with lime treatment. |
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J.M. Zinck, CANMET, Mining and Mineral Sciences Lab., Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada |
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0317-0926 |
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Optimization of lime treatment processes; 2291672; Canada 17; Geobase |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17537 |
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183 |
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