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Author |
Zinck, J.M.; Aube, B.C. |
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Title |
Optimization of lime treatment processes |
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Year |
2000 |
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CIM Bull. |
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93 |
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1043 |
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98-105 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) acid mine drainage buffering lime Canada |
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Abstract |
Lime neutralization technology is widely used in Canada for the treatment of acid mine drainage and other acidic effluents. In many locations, improvements to the lime neutralization process are necessary to achieve a maximum level of sludge densification and stability. Conventional lime neutralization technology effectively removes dissolved metals to below regulated limits. However, the metal hydroxide and gypsum sludge generated is voluminous and often contains less than 5% solids. Despite recent improvements in the lime neutralization technology, each year, more than 6 700 000 m3 of sludge are generated by treatment facilities operated by the Canadian mining industry. Because lime neutralization is still seen as the best available approach for some sites, sludge production and stability are expected to remain as issues in the near future. Several treatment parameters significantly impact operating costs, effluent quality, sludge production and the geochemical stability of the sludge. Studies conducted both at CANMET and NTC have shown that through minor modifications to the treatment process, plant operators can experience a reduction in operating costs, volume of sludge generated, metal release to the environment and liability. This paper discusses how modifications in plant operation and design can reduce treatment costs and liability associated with lime treatment. |
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J.M. Zinck, CANMET, Mining and Mineral Sciences Lab., Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada |
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0317-0926 |
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Optimization of lime treatment processes; 2291672; Canada 17; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17537 |
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183 |
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Author |
Younger, P.L. |
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Title |
The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Mine Water Env. |
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19 |
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2 |
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84-97 |
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wetlands SAPS aerobic wetlands acidity aerobic anaerobic compost iron metals passive reactive barrier water treatment |
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During the 1990s, passive treatment technology was introduced to the United Kingdom (UK). Early hesitancy on the part of regulators and practitioners was rapidly overcome, at least for net-alkaline mine waters, so that passive treatment is now the technology of choice for the long-term remediation of such discharges, wherever land availability is not unduly limiting. Six types of passive systems are now being used in the UK for mine water treatment: ¨ aerobic, surface flow wetlands (reed-beds); ¨ anaerobic, compost wetlands with significant surface flow; ¨ mixed compost / limestone systems, with predominantly subsurface flow (so-called Reducing and Alkalinity Producing Systems (RAPS)); ¨ subsurface reactive barriers to treat acidic, metalliferous ground waters; ¨ closed-system limestone dissolution systems for zinc removal from alkaline waters; ¨ roughing filters for treating ferruginous mine waters where land availability is limited. Each of these technologies is appropriate for a different kind of mine water, or for specific hydraulic circumstances. The degree to which each type of system can be considered “proven technology” corresponds to the order in which they are listed above. Many of these passive systems have become foci for detailed scientific research, as part of a $1.5M European Commission project running from 2000 to 2003. |
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1025-9112 |
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The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom; 1; FG 5 Abb., 1 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17448 |
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198 |
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Srivastave, A.; Chhonkar, P.K. |
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Amelioration of coal mine spoils through fly ash application as liming material |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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J. Ind. Res. |
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59 |
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4 |
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309-313 |
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Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) mitigation fly ash feasibility study acid mine drainage lime |
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The feasibility of fly ash as compared to lime to ameliorate the low pH of acidic coal mine spoils under controlled pot culture conditions are reported using Sudan grass (Sorghum studanens) and Oats (Avena sativa) as indicator crops. It is observed that at all levels of applications, fly ash and lime significantly increase the pH of mine spoils, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, available sulphur and also uptake of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and oven-dried biomass of both these test crops. The fly ash significantly decreases the bulk density of coal mine spoils, but, there is no effect on bulk density due to lime application. However, when the spoils are amended with either fly ash or lime, the root growth occurs throughout the material. Fly ash and lime do not cause elemental toxicities to the plants as evidenced from the dry matter production by the test crops. The results indicate that fly ash to be a potential alternative to lime for treating acidic coal mine spoils. |
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P.K. Chhonkar, Div. of Soil Sci. and Agr. Chem., Indian Agricultural Research Inst., New Delhi 110 012, India |
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0022-4456 |
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Amelioration of coal mine spoils through fly ash application as liming material; 2364216; India 18; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17535 |
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234 |
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Smith, I.J.H. |
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Title |
AMD treatment, it works but are we using the right equipment? |
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2000 |
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Tailings and mine waste ' |
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419-427 |
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Groundwater problems and environmental effects geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) acid mine drainage conference proceedings methodology mine drainage remediation waste management |
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For the past 40 years various approaches have been developed to treat acid waters coming from abandoned as well as operating mining operations. System designs have evolved to meet increasingly stringent discharge permit limits for treated water, as well as to provide solid disposal within economic constraints. A treatment system for remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid groundwater (AG) requires two main steps: 1. The addition of chemicals to precipitate dissolved metals contained in the waters, and if necessary, to coagulate the precipitated solids ahead of physical separation. 2. Physical separation of the precipitated solids from the water so the water can be lawfully discharged from the site. Choosing the appropriate technology and equipment results in the most efficient plant design, the lowest capital outlay, and minimum operating cost. The goal of these plants is to discharge liquids and solids able to meet standards. The separation of solids from liquids can be achieved through various means, including gravity settling, flotation, mechanical dewatering, filtration and evaporation. As important as the liquid solids separation unit operations are, they are driven by the chemistry of the water to be treated. The content of the dissolved solids will influence the quality and quantity of the solids produced during precipitation. Thus the two aspects must be integrated, with chemistry first, then mechanical engineering. This presentation will provide an overview of a number of liquid solids separation tools currently being used to treat AMD-AG at several sites in the USA. It will also discuss how their operations are impacted by the chemistry of their particular acid water feeds. The tools used include clarifier-thickeners, solids contact clarifiers, dissolved air flotation, polishing filters, membrane filters, and mechanical dewatering devices (belt and filter presses, vacuum filters, and driers). |
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J.H. Smith III, SEPCO Incorporated, Fort Collins, CO, United States |
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Book; Conference-Paper; AMD treatment, it works but are we using the right equipment?; 2263351; Using Smart Source Parsing 00-Proceedings-of-the-7th-international-conference-Fort-Collins-January- 2000 Netherlands; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17541 |
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237 |
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Author |
Smit, J.P.; Pretorius, L.E. |
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Title |
The treatment of polluted mine water |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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J. Afr. Earth Sci. |
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31 |
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1 |
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72 |
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1464-343x |
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The treatment of polluted mine water; 1574235052; UB Bayreuth <703> TU Berlin <83> UB Bochum <294> UB Frankfurt/Main <30> TU Freiberg <105> SUB Goettingen <7> TIB/UB Hannover <89> UB Karlsruhe <90> BSB München <12>; OLC-SSG Geowissenschaften – Online Contents-Sondersammelgebiete |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16424 |
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238 |
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