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Naugle, W.K. |
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Title |
Remediation of the Eagle Mine superfund site: a biological success story |
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2003 |
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Tailings and Mine Waste '03 |
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481-485 |
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mine water treatment |
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Remediation of the Eagle Mine Superfund Site began in 1988. Remedial action included: bulk-heading adits, flooding mine workings; constructing diversion ditches around waste rock; consolidating mine wastes in an on-site tailings pile; capping the tailings pile with a multi-layer, engineered cap; and revegetating disturbed areas with native plants. Flooding the mine workings resulted in unacceptable seepage into the Eagle River in late 1989. A water treatment plant was constructed to collect mine seepage and groundwater at the main tailings pile. In October 2001, construction of the remedy was declared “complete” and the site is now in the operation, maintenance and monitoring phase. A strong downward trend in zinc and cadmium concentrations in the Eagle River has occurred and, trout and macroinvertebrate populations have increased. Biological data are being used to establish water quality standards for the Eagle River. |
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Remediation of the Eagle Mine superfund site: a biological success story; Isip:000186710100058; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17020 |
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157 |
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Author |
Younger, P.L. |
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Title |
Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Land Reclamation: Extending the Boundaries |
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253-264 |
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mine water treatment |
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The reclamation of former mining sites is a major challenge in many parts of the world. In relation to the restoration of spoil heaps (mine waste rock piles) and similar bodies of opencast backfill, key challenges include (i) the establishment of stable slopes and minimization of other geotechnical hazards (ii) developing and maintaining a healthy vegetative cover (iii) managing the hydrological behaviour of the restored ground. Significant advances have been made over the past four decades in relation to all four of these objectives. One of the most recalcitrant problems is the ongoing generation and release of acidic leachates, which typically emerge at the toes of (otherwise restored) spoil heaps in the form of springs and seepage areas. Such features are testament to the presence of a “perched” groundwater circulation system within the spoil, and their acidity reflects the continued penetration of oxygen to zones within the heaps which contain reactive pyrite (and other iron sulphide minerals). Two obvious strategies for dealing with this problem are disruption of the perched groundwater system and/or exclusion of oxygen entry. These strategies are now being pursued with considerable success where spoil is being reclaimed for the first time, by the installation of two types of physical barrier (dry covers and water covers). However, where a spoil heap has already been revegetated some decades ago, the destruction of an established sward or woodland in order to retro-fit a dry cover or water cover is rarely an attractive option for dealing with the “secondary dereliction” represented by ongoing toe seepages of acidic leachates. More attractive by far are passive treatment techniques, in which the polluted water is forced to flow through reactive media which serve to neutralize its acidity and remove toxic metals from solution. A brief historical review of the development of such systems reveals a general progression from using limestone as the key neutralizing agent, through a combined use of limestone and compost, to systems in which almost all of the neutralization is achieved by means of bacterial sulphate reduction in the saturated compost media of subsurface-flow bioreactors. In almost all cases, these passive treatment systems include an aerobic, surface flow wetland as the final “polishing” step in the treatment process. Such wetlands combine treatment functions (efficient removal of metals from the now-neutralized waters down to low residual concentrations, and re-oxygenating the water prior to discharge to receiving watercourses) with amenity value (attractive areas for recreational walking, bird-watching etc) and ecological value. |
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Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects; Isip:000183447100035; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17016 |
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158 |
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Author |
Groudev, S.N. |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by a natural wetland |
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2002 |
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Wetlands and Remediation Ii |
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133-139 |
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mine water treatment |
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Acid drainage waters generated in the copper ore deposit Elshitza. Central Bulgaria, were treated by a natural wetland located in the deposit. The waters had a pH in the range of about 2.5 – 3.5 and contained copper, cadmium, arsenic, iron, manganese and sulphates as main pollutants. The watercourse through the wetland covered a distance of about 100 in and the water flow rate varied in the range of about 0.5 – 2.0 1/s. The wetland was characterized by an abundant water and emergent vegetation and a diverse microflora. Phragmites communis was the prevalent plant species in the wetland but species of the genera Scirpus, Typha, Juncus, Carex and Poa as well as different algae were also well present. It was found that an efficient removal of the pollutants was achieved and their residual concentrations in the wetland effluents were decreased below the relevant permissible levels for water intended for use in the agriculture and/or industry. The removal was clue to different processes but the microbial dissimilatory sulphate reduction and the sorption of pollutants by the organic matter and clay minerals present in the wetland played the main role. Negative effects of the pollutants on the growth and activity of the indigenous plant and microbial communities were not observed. |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by a natural wetland; Isip:000175585500017; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17039 |
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159 |
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Gobla, M.J. |
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A rapid response to cleanup – Gilt Edge Superfund Site, South Dakota |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Tailings and Mine Waste '02 |
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421-425 |
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mine water treatment |
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The Gilt Edge gold mine is an acid drainage site that has been put on an accelerated closure schedule. The mine ceased activities in 1999 when Dakota Mining Corporation declared bankruptcy forcing the State of South Dakota to immediatly assume water treatment operations. Evaluation of conceptual closure plan options and cost estimates led the State of South Dakota to a decision to seek Federal assistance. The site has quickly moved into reclamation mode for the principal contamination source, the Ruby waste-rock dump. Designs and specifications for capping the Ruby waste-rock dump were prepared while Superfund listing was pursued. In October of 2000, mobilization of the first reclamation contractor began and by December the site was added to the National Priorities List. Capping the waste-rock dump will address a major acid drainage source. Water treatment requirements are expected to decline as conventional methods such as diverting clean water, backfilling, grading, capping, limestone neutralization, and revegetation are implemented. Acid seepage from underground workings, steep highwalls, and some pit backfills will remain. Major field trials of emerging technologies are nearing completion and some are showing promising results. Carbon reduction in a pit lake, and pyrite microencapsulation on simulated waste dumps, are showing initial success. Their application may minimize or eliminate the need for long-term active water treatment which has been a long sought goal for major acid rock drainage sites. |
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A rapid response to cleanup – Gilt Edge Superfund Site, South Dakota; Isip:000175560600055; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17038 |
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160 |
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Harrington, J.M. |
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In situ treatment of metals in mine workings and materials |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Tailings and Mine Waste '02 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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251-261 |
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mine water treatment |
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Contact of oxygen contained in air and water with mining materials can increase the solubility of metals. In heaps leached by cyanide, metals can also be made soluble through complexation with cyanide. During closure, water in heaps, and water collected in mine workings and pit lakes may require treatment to remove these metals. In situ microbiological treatment to create reductive conditions and to precipitate metals as sulfides or elemental metal has been applied at several sites with good success. Treatment by adding organic carbon to stimulate in situ microbial reduction has been successful in removing arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, tin, uranium, and zinc to a solid phase. Closure practices can affect the success of in situ treatment at mining sites, and affect the stability of treated materials. This paper defines factors that determine the cost and permanence of in situ treatment. |
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In situ treatment of metals in mine workings and materials; Isip:000175560600034; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17037 |
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161 |
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