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Simmons, J.A.; Andrew, T.; Arnold, A.; Bee, N.; Bennett, J.; Grundman, M.; Johnson, K.; Shepherd, R. |
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Title |
Small-Scale Chemical Changes Caused by In-stream Limestone Sand Additions to Streams |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Mine Water Env. |
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25 |
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4 |
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241-245 |
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acid mine drainage aluminum calcium limestone sand sediment stream liming West Virginia |
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Abstract |
In-stream limestone sand addition (ILSA) has been employed as the final treatment for acid mine drainage discharges at Swamp Run in central West Virginia for six years. To determine the small-scale longitudinal variation in stream water and sediment chemistry and stream biota, we sampled one to three locations upstream of the ILSA site and six locations downstream. Addition of limestone sand significantly increased calcium and aluminum concentrations in sediment and increased the pH, calcium, and total suspended solids of the stream water. Increases in alkalinity were not significant. The number of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa was significantly reduced but there was no effect on periphyton biomass. Dissolved aluminum concentration in stream water was reduced, apparently by precipitation into the stream sediment. |
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1025-9112 |
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Small-Scale Chemical Changes Caused by In-stream Limestone Sand Additions to Streams; 1; FG 4 Abb., 2 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17420 |
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248 |
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Author |
Simmons, J.; Ziemkiewicz, P.; Black, D.C. |
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Title |
Use of Steel Slag Leach Beds for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Mine Water Env. |
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21 |
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2 |
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91-99 |
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acid mine drainage Beaver Creek check dam leach beds leaching metal sequestration mine water leaching procedure open limestone channel steel slag West Virginia |
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Steel slag from the Waylite steel-making plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania was leached with acidic mine drainage (AMD) of a known quality using an established laboratory procedure. Leaching continued for 60 cycles and leachates were collected after each cycle. Results indicated that the slag was very effective at neutralizing acidity. The AMD/slag leachates contained higher average concentrations of Ba, V, Mn, Cr, As, Ag, and Se and lower average concentrations of Sb, Fe, Zn, Be, Cd, Tl, Ni, Al, Cu, and Pb than the untreated AMD. Based on these tests, slag leach beds were constructed at the abandoned McCarty mine site in Preston County, West Virginia. The leach beds were constructed as slag check dams below limestone-lined settling basins. Acid water was captured in limestone channels and directed into basins to leach through the slag dams and discharge into a tributary of Beaver Creek. Since installation in October 2000, the system has been consistently producing net alkaline, pH 9 water. The treated water is still net alkaline and has a neutral pH after it encounters several other acidic seeps downstream. |
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1025-9112 |
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Use of Steel Slag Leach Beds for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage; 1; FG 20 Abb., 4 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17421 |
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249 |
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Sato, D.; Tazaki, K. |
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Title |
Calcification treatment of mine drainage and depositional formula of heavy metals |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Chikyu Kagaku = Earth Science |
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54 |
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5 |
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328-336 |
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acid mine drainage Asia calcification deposition ettringite Far East heavy metals Ishikawa Japan Japan lime Ogoya Mine pollution sulfates waste water water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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Depositional formula of heavy metals after disposal of the mine drainage from the Ogoya Mine in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, was mineralogically investigated. Strong acidic wastewater (pH 3.5) from pithead of the mine contains high concentration of heavy metals. In this mine, neutralizing coagulation treatment is going on by slaked lime (calcium hydroxides: Ca(OH) (sub 2) ). Core samples were collected at disposal pond to which the treated wastewater flows. The core samples were divided into 44 layers based on the color variation. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of each layer were analyzed by an X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (ED-XRF) and a NCS elemental analyzer. The upper parts are rich in brown colored layers, whereas discolored are the deeper parts. The color variation is relevant to Fe concentration. Brown colored core sections are composed of abundant hydrous ferric oxides with heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, and Cd. On the other hand, S concentration gradually increases with depth. XRD data indicated that calcite decreases with increasing depth, and ettringite is produced at the deeper parts. Cd concentration shows similar vertical profile to those of calcite and ettringite. The results revealed that hydrous ferric oxides, calcite and ettringite are formed on deposition, whereby incorporating the heavy metals. |
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0366-6611 |
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Calcification treatment of mine drainage and depositional formula of heavy metals; 2001-032610; References: 19; illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map Japan (JPN); GeoRef; Japanese |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16543 |
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252 |
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Robbins, E.I.; Cravotta, C.A.; Savela, C.E.; Nord, G.L. |
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Hydrobiogeochemical Interactions in 'anoxic' Limestone Drains for Neutralization of Acidic Mine Drainage |
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1999 |
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Fuel |
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78 |
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2 |
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259-270 |
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aluminite biofilms epilithic bacteria gibbsite limestone armoring anoxic limestone drains acid mine drainage surface waters iron aluminum bacteria sulfate |
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Processes affecting neutralization of acidic coal mine drainage were evaluated within 'anoxic' limestone drains (ALDs). Influents had pH less than or equal to 3.5 and dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/l. Even though effluents were near neutral (pH > 6 and alkalinity > acidity), two of the four ALDs were failing due to clogging. Mineral-saturation indices indicated the potential for dissolution of calcite and gypsum, and precipitation of Al3+ and Fe3+ compounds. Cleavage mounts of calcite and gypsum that were suspended within the ALDs and later examined microscopically showed dissolution features despite coatings by numerous bacteria, biofilms, and Fe-Al-Si precipitates. In the drain exhibiting the greatest flow reduction, Al-hydroxysulfates had accumulated onlimestone surfaces and calcite etch points, thus causing the decline in transmissivity and dissolution. Therefore, where Al loadings are high and flow rates are low, a pre-treatment step is indicated to promote Al removal before diverting acidic mine water into alkalinity-producing materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. |
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0016-2361 |
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Hydrobiogeochemical Interactions in 'anoxic' Limestone Drains for Neutralization of Acidic Mine Drainage; Isi:000078042100020; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17411 |
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261 |
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Author |
Nairn, R.W.; Hedin, R.S. |
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Title |
Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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1992 |
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Wetlands; proceedings of the 13th annual conference; Society of Wetland Scientists |
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224-229 |
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acidic composition; alkalinity; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; biodegradation; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; coal mines; constructed wetlands; construction; limestone; mine drainage; mines; North America; Pennsylvania; pollutants; pollution; reclamation; remediation; sedimentary rocks; United States; western Pennsylvania; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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Landin, M.C. |
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Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 1996-062750; 13th annual conference of the Society of Wetland Scientists, New Orleans, LA, United States, May 31-June 6, 1992 References: 7 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6720 |
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289 |
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