| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Van Hille, R.P.; Boshoff, G.A.; Rose, P.D.; Duncan, J.R. |
|
| |
Title |
A continuous process for the biological treatment of heavy metal contaminated acid mine water |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Resour. Conserv. Recycl. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
157-167 |
|
| |
Keywords |
mine water treatment biological treatment heavy metal acid mine water alkaline precipitation green-algae chlorella |
|
| |
Abstract |
Alkaline precipitation of heavy metals from acidic water streams is a popular and long standing treatment process. While this process is efficient it requires the continuous addition of an alkaline material, such as lime. In the long term or when treating large volumes of effluent this process becomes expensive, with costs in the mining sector routinely exceeding millions of rands annually. The process described below utilises alkalinity generated by the alga Spirulina sp., in a continuous system to precipitate heavy metals. The design of the system separates the algal component from the metal containing stream to overcome metal toxicity. The primary treatment process consistently removed over 99% of the iron (98.9 mg/l) and between 80 and 95% of the zinc (7.16 mg/l) and lead (2.35 mg/l) over a 14-day period (20 l effluent treated). In addition the pH of the raw effluent was increased from 1.8 to over 7 in the post-treatment stream. Secondary treatment and polishing steps depend on the nature of the effluent treated. In the case of the high sulphate effluent the treated stream was passed into an anaerobic digester at a rate of 4 l/day. The combination of the primary and secondary treatments effected a removal of over 95% of all metals tested for as well as a 90% reduction in the sulphate load. The running cost of such a process would be low as the salinity and nutrient requirements for the algal culture could be provided by using tannery effluent or a combination of saline water and sewage. This would have the additional benefit of treating either a tannery or sewage effluent as part of an integrated process. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title  |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0921-3449 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Jul; A continuous process for the biological treatment of heavy metal contaminated acid mine water; Isi:000081142100017; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/9937.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 9937 |
Serial |
26 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
|
| |
Title |
An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Appl. Geochem. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2188-2200 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
|
| |
Abstract |
Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0883-2927 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
Serial |
44 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Matlock, M.M.; Howerton, B.S.; Atwood, D.A. |
|
| |
Title |
Chemical precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Water Res |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
36 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
4757-4764 |
|
| |
Keywords |
mine water treatment BDET Acid mine drainage Water treatment Remediation Heavy metals Chemical precipitation Mercury Iron |
|
| |
Abstract |
The 1,3-benzenediamidoethanethiol dianion (BDET, known commercially as MetX) has been developed to selectively and irreversibly bind soft heavy metals from aqueous solution. In the present study BDET was found to remove >90% of several toxic or problematic metals from AMD samples taken from an abandoned mine in Pikeville, Kentucky. The concentrations of metals such as iron, may be reduced at pH 4.5 from 194 ppm to below 0.009 ppm. The formation of stoichiomietric BDET-metal precipitates in this process was confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0043-1354 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Nov.; Chemical precipitation of heavy metals from acid mine drainage; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/15005.pdf; Science Direct |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 15005 |
Serial |
48 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Foucher, S.; Battaglia-Brunet, F.; Ignatiadis, I.; Morin, D. |
|
| |
Title |
Treatment by sulfate-reducing bacteria of Chessy acid-mine drainage and metals recovery |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Chemical Engineering Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
56 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1639-1645 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Acid mine drainage Sulfate-reducing bacteria Sulfide precipitation Hydrogen transfer Fixed bed column reactor |
|
| |
Abstract |
Acid-mine drainage can contain high concentrations of heavy metals and release of these contaminants into the environment is generally avoided by lime neutralization. However, this classical treatment is expensive and generates large amounts of residual sludge. The selective precipitation of metals using H2S produced biologically by sulfate-reducing bacteria has been proposed as an alternative process. Here, we report on experiments using real effluent from the disused Chessy-les-Mines mine-site at the laboratory pilot scale. A fixed-bed bioreactor, fed with an H2/CO2 mixture, was used in conjunction with a gas stripping column. The maximum rate of hydrogen transfer in the bioreactor was determined before inoculation. kLa was deduced from measurements of O2 using Higbie and Danckwert's models which predict a dependence on diffusivity. The dynamic method of physical absorption and desorption was used. The maximum rate of H2 transfer suggests that this step should not be a limiting factor. However, an increase in H2 flow rate was observed to induce an increase in sulfate reduction rate. For the precipitation step, the gas mixture from the bioreactor was bubbled into a stirred reactor fed with the real effluent. Cu and Zn could be selectively recovered at pH=2.8 and pH=3.5, respectively. Other impurities such as Ni and Fe could also be removed at pH=6 by sulfide precipitation. Part of the outlet stream from the bioreactor was used to regulate and maintain the pH during sulfide precipitation by feeding the outlet stream back into the bioreactor. The replacement of synthetic medium with real effluent had a positive effect on sulfate reduction rate which increased by 30-40%. This improvement in bacterial efficiency may be related to the large range of oligo-elements provided by the mine-water. The maximum sulfate reduction rate observed with the real effluent was 200 mgl-1 h-1, corresponding to a residence time of 0.9 day. A preliminary cost estimation based on a treatment rate of 5 m3 h-1 of a mine effluent containing 5 gl-1 SO42- is presented. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0009-2509 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Feb.; Treatment by sulfate-reducing bacteria of Chessy acid-mine drainage and metals recovery; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10064.pdf; Science Direct |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 10064 |
Serial |
54 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Coulton, R.; Bullen, C.; Hallett, C. |
|
| |
Title |
The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Land Contam. Reclam. |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
273-280 |
|
| |
Keywords |
sludge mine water treatment mine water active treatment precipitation iron manganese high density sludge sulphide Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive manganese sulfide pollutant removal iron water treatment mine drainage |
|
| |
Abstract |
This paper provides a 'state of the art' overview of active mine water treatment. The paper discusses the process and reagent selection options commonly available to the designer of an active mine water treatment plant. Comparisons are made between each of these options, based on technical and financial criteria. The various different treatment technologies available are reviewed and comparisons made between conventional precipitation (using hydroxides, sulphides and carbonates), high density sludge processes and super-saturation precipitation. The selection of reagents (quick lime, slaked lime, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and proprietary chemicals) is considered and a comparison made on the basis of reagent cost, ease of use, final effluent quality and sludge settling criteria. The choice of oxidising agent (air, pure oxygen, peroxide, etc.) for conversion of ferrous to ferric iron is also considered. Whole life costs comparisons (capital, operational and decommissioning) are made between conventional hydroxide precipitation and the high density sludge process, based on the actual treatment requirements for four different mine waters. |
|
| |
Address |
R. Coulton, Unipure Europe Ltd., Wonastow Road, Monmouth NP25 5JA, United Kingdom |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0967-0513 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants; 2530436; United-Kingdom 4; Geobase |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17513 |
Serial |
59 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
