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Author |
Benner, S.G.; Blowes, D.W.; Ptacek, C.J. |
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Title |
A full-scale porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation |
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17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
99-107 |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage alkalinity bacteria Canada case studies concentration dissolved materials drainage Eastern Canada ground water mines observation wells Ontario permeability pH pollution porous materials recharge reduction remediation site exploration Sudbury District Ontario sulfate ion surface water waste disposal water pollution Groundwater quality Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 11) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) groundwater protection permeable barrier acid mine drainage aquifer groundwater acid min drainage contamination permeable barrier groundwater protection permeable barrier acid mine drainage aquifer Canada, Ontario, Sudbury, Nickel Rim |
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Abstract |
The generation and release of acidic drainage containing high concentrations of dissolved metals from decommissioned mine wastes is an environmental problem of international scale. A potential solution to many acid drainage problem is the installation of permeable reactive walls into aquifers affected by drainage water derived from mine waste materials. A permeable reactive wall installed into an aquifer impacted by low-quality mine drainage waters was installed in August 1995 at the Nickel Rim mine site near Sudbury, Ontario. The reactive mixture, containing organic matter, was designed to promote bacterially mediated sulfate reduction and subsequent metal sulfide precipitation. The reactive wall is installed to an average depth of 12 feet (3.6 m) and is 49 feet (15 m) long perpendicular to ground water flow. The wall thickness (flow path length) is 13 feet (4 m). Initial results, collected nine months after installation, indicate that sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation is occurring. Comparing water entering the wall to treated water existing the wall, sulfate concentrations decrease from 2400 to 4600 mg/L to 200 to 3600 mg/L; Fe concentration decrease from 250 to 1300 mg/L to 1.0 to 40 mg/L, pH increases from 5.8 to 7.0; and alkalinity (as CaCO<inf>3</inf>) increases from 0 to 50 mg/L to 600 to 2000 mg/L. The reactive wall has effectively removed the capacity of the ground water to generate acidity on discharge to the surface. Calculations based on comparison to previously run laboratory column experiments indicate that the reactive wall has potential to remain effective for at least 15 years. |
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Dr. S.G. Benner, Earth Sciences Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont. N2L 3G1, Canada |
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1069-3629 |
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Review; A full-scale porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage; 0337197; United-States 46; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10621.pdf; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17555 |
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67 |
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Author |
Taylor, J.; Waters, J. |
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Title |
Treating ARD; how, when, where and why |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Mining Environmental Management |
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11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
6-9 |
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acid mine drainage; acid rock drainage; acidification; alkalinity; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; chemical reactions; coal; disposal barriers; economics; flocculation; ground water; heavy metals; human activity; ion exchange; limestone; mines; oxidation; oxides; permeability; pollution; porosity; pyrolusite; remediation; sedimentary rocks; surface water; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution; water treatment; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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0969-4218 |
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Treating ARD; how, when, where and why; 2004-045038; References: 8; illus. incl. 2 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5528 |
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225 |
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Rees, B.; Bowell, R.; Dey, M.; Williams, K. |
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Title |
Passive treatment; a walk away solution? |
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2001 |
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Mining Environmental Management |
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9 |
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2 |
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7-8 |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; alkalinity; bacteria; bioremediation; buffers; chemical reactions; cost; effluents; ferric iron; ferrous iron; filtration; ground water; hydrolysis; iron; metals; monitoring; oxidation; permeability; pH; pollution; remediation; substrates; sulfate ion; suspended materials; water management; water pollution; water quality; water treatment; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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0969-4218 |
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Passive treatment; a walk away solution?; 2001-050826; References: 3; illus. United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5722 |
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265 |
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Kuyucak, N. |
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Title |
Acid mining drainage prevention and control |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
Publication |
Mining Environmental Management |
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9 |
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1 |
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12-15 |
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acid mine drainage; bacteria; biodegradation; chemical properties; controls; disposal barriers; dissolved materials; geomembranes; heavy metals; hydrolysis; leaching; migration of elements; moisture; oxidation; permeability; pollution; ponds; preventive measures; reclamation; retention; risk assessment; sulfate ion; sulfides; synthetic materials; tailings; toxic materials; underground installations; underground storage; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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0969-4218 |
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Acid mining drainage prevention and control; 2001-050583; References: 21; illus. incl. 1 table United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5741 |
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323 |
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Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
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An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Appl. Geochem. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2188-2200 |
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Keywords |
Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
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Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
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0883-2927 |
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Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
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44 |
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