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Eger, P.; Melchert, G.; Antonson, D.; Wagner, J. |
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Title |
Magnesium hydroxide as a treatment for acid mine drainage in northern Minnesota |
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Year |
1993 |
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Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, vol.10 |
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204-217 |
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acid mine drainage acidification alkaline earth metals chemical properties cobalt copper drainage experimental studies hydroxides laboratory studies lime magnesium magnesium hydroxide metals Minnesota nickel northern Minnesota oxides pH pollution porous materials reagents remediation residence time trace metals United States waste disposal zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Three alkaline materials were investigated for their suitability to treat acid mine drainage generated by a research facility located at a remote site in northern Minnesota. The materials investigated were hydrated lime, sodium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide. All three reagents were successful at raising pH and removing trace metals from the drainage, but the magnesium hydroxide had the added benefit of producing a maximum pH of approximately 9.5, while the other two reagents resulted in pH values of 12 and greater. In addition, the magnesium hydroxide was available as a high solid content slurry (58%) which simplified application and handling, and which produced the lowest volume of sludge of the materials tested. |
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Zamora, B.A.; Connolly, R.E. |
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The challenge of integrating diverse perspectives in reclamation |
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Magnesium hydroxide as a treatment for acid mine drainage in northern Minnesota; GeoRef; English; 2002-028930; 10th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Spokane, WA, United States, May 16, 1993 References: 7; illus. incl. 4 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16743 |
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393 |
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Zamzow, M.J.; Schultze, L.E. |
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Title |
Treatment of acid mine drainage using natural zeolites |
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Journal Article |
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1993 |
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International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties, and Utilization of Natural Zeolites |
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1993 |
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220-221 |
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abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; clinoptilolite; experimental studies; feasibility studies; framework silicates; hydrochemistry; mines; Nevada; northeastern Nevada; phillipsite; remediation; Rio Tinto Deposit; silicates; surface water; United States; zeolite group abandoned mines acid mine drainage clinoptilolite experimental studies feasibility studies framework silicates hydrochemistry mines Nevada northeastern Nevada phillipsite remediation Rio Tinto Deposit silicates surface water United States zeolite group |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage using natural zeolites; GeoRef: 95-04036 1 table; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9998 |
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192 |
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Wiseman, I.M.; Edwards, P.J.; Rutt, G.P. |
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Title |
Recovery of an aquatic ecosystem following treatment of abandoned mine drainage with constructed wetlands |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Land Contam. Reclam. |
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11 |
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2 |
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221-230 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects Wetlands and estuaries geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) coal mine recovery aquatic ecosystem constructed wetland water treatment mine drainage abandoned mine |
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Seven kilometres of the River Pelenna in South Wales were impacted for approximately 30 years by discharges from abandoned coal mines. Elevated iron and low pH caused significant ochreous staining and had detrimental effects on the river ecology. The River Pelenna Mine water project constructed a series of passive wetland treatment systems to treat these discharges. Monitoring of the performance and environmental benefits of these has been undertaken as part of an Environment Agency R&D project. This project has assessed the changes in water quality as well as monitoring populations of invertebrates, fish and birds between 1993 and 2001. Performance data from the wetlands show that on average the three systems are removing between 82 and 95% of the iron loading from the mine waters. In the rivers downstream, the dissolved iron concentration has dropped to below the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) of 1 mg/L for the majority of the time. Increases in pH downstream of the discharges have also been demonstrated. Trout (Salmo trutta) recovered quickly following mine water treatment, returning the next year to areas that previously had no fish. Intermittent problems with overflows from the treatment systems temporarily depleted the numbers, but the latest data indicate a thriving population. The overflow problems and also background episodes of acidity have affected the recovery of the riverine invertebrates. However, there have been gradual improvements in the catchment, and in the summer of 2001 most sites held faunas which approached those found in unpolluted controls. Recovery of the invertebrate fauna is reflected in marked increases in the breeding success of riverine birds between 1996 and 2001. This study has shown that constructed wetlands can be an effective, low cost and sustainable solution to ecological damage caused by abandoned mine drainage. |
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I.M. Wiseman, Environment Agency Wales, 19 Penyfai Lane, Furnace, Llanelli SA15 4EL, United Kingdom |
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0967-0513 |
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Recovery of an aquatic ecosystem following treatment of abandoned mine drainage with constructed wetlands; 2530429; United-Kingdom 25; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17516 |
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206 |
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Kleinmann, R.L.P. |
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Title |
Acid Mine Water Treatment using Engineered Wetlands |
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1990 |
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Int. J. Mine Water |
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9 |
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1-4 |
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269-276 |
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wetlands AMD passive treatment pollution control water treatment abandoned mines biological treatment pH bacterial oxidation wetland sizing sphagnum |
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400 systems installed within 4 years During the last two decades, the United States mining industry has greatly increased the amount it spends on pollution control. The application of biotechnology to mine water can reduce the industry's water treatment costs (estimated at over a million dollars a day) and improve water quality in streams and rivers adversely affected by acidic mine water draining from abandoned mines. Biological treatment of mine waste water is typically conducted in a series of small excavated ponds that resemble, in a superficial way, a small marsh area. The ponds are engineered to first facilitate bacterial oxidation of iron; ideally, the water then flows through a composted organic substrate that supports a population of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The latter process raises the pH. During the past four years, over 400 wetland water treatment systems have been built on mined lands as a result of research by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. In general, mine operators find that the wetlands reduce chemical treatment costs enough to repay the cost of wetland construction in less than a year. Actual rates of iron removal at field sites have been used to develop empirical sizing criteria based on iron loading and pH. If the pH is 6 or above, the wetland area (in2) required is equivalent to the iron. load (grams/day) divided by 10. Theis requirement doubles at a pH of 4 to 5. At a pH below 4, the iron load (grams/day) should be divided by 2 to estimate the area required (in2). |
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0255-6960 |
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Acid Mine Water Treatment using Engineered Wetlands; 1; Fg; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17368 |
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328 |
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Coulton, R.; Bullen, C.; Hallett, C. |
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The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants |
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2003 |
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Land Contam. Reclam. |
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11 |
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2 |
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273-280 |
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sludge mine water treatment mine water active treatment precipitation iron manganese high density sludge sulphide Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive manganese sulfide pollutant removal iron water treatment mine drainage |
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This paper provides a 'state of the art' overview of active mine water treatment. The paper discusses the process and reagent selection options commonly available to the designer of an active mine water treatment plant. Comparisons are made between each of these options, based on technical and financial criteria. The various different treatment technologies available are reviewed and comparisons made between conventional precipitation (using hydroxides, sulphides and carbonates), high density sludge processes and super-saturation precipitation. The selection of reagents (quick lime, slaked lime, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and proprietary chemicals) is considered and a comparison made on the basis of reagent cost, ease of use, final effluent quality and sludge settling criteria. The choice of oxidising agent (air, pure oxygen, peroxide, etc.) for conversion of ferrous to ferric iron is also considered. Whole life costs comparisons (capital, operational and decommissioning) are made between conventional hydroxide precipitation and the high density sludge process, based on the actual treatment requirements for four different mine waters. |
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R. Coulton, Unipure Europe Ltd., Wonastow Road, Monmouth NP25 5JA, United Kingdom |
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0967-0513 |
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The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants; 2530436; United-Kingdom 4; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17513 |
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59 |
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