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Author  |
Benner, S.G.; Blowes, D.W.; Ptacek, C.J. |
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Title |
A full-scale porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation |
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17 |
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4 |
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99-107 |
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acid mine drainage alkalinity bacteria Canada case studies concentration dissolved materials drainage Eastern Canada ground water mines observation wells Ontario permeability pH pollution porous materials recharge reduction remediation site exploration Sudbury District Ontario sulfate ion surface water waste disposal water pollution Groundwater quality Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 11) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) groundwater protection permeable barrier acid mine drainage aquifer groundwater acid min drainage contamination permeable barrier groundwater protection permeable barrier acid mine drainage aquifer Canada, Ontario, Sudbury, Nickel Rim |
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The generation and release of acidic drainage containing high concentrations of dissolved metals from decommissioned mine wastes is an environmental problem of international scale. A potential solution to many acid drainage problem is the installation of permeable reactive walls into aquifers affected by drainage water derived from mine waste materials. A permeable reactive wall installed into an aquifer impacted by low-quality mine drainage waters was installed in August 1995 at the Nickel Rim mine site near Sudbury, Ontario. The reactive mixture, containing organic matter, was designed to promote bacterially mediated sulfate reduction and subsequent metal sulfide precipitation. The reactive wall is installed to an average depth of 12 feet (3.6 m) and is 49 feet (15 m) long perpendicular to ground water flow. The wall thickness (flow path length) is 13 feet (4 m). Initial results, collected nine months after installation, indicate that sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation is occurring. Comparing water entering the wall to treated water existing the wall, sulfate concentrations decrease from 2400 to 4600 mg/L to 200 to 3600 mg/L; Fe concentration decrease from 250 to 1300 mg/L to 1.0 to 40 mg/L, pH increases from 5.8 to 7.0; and alkalinity (as CaCO<inf>3</inf>) increases from 0 to 50 mg/L to 600 to 2000 mg/L. The reactive wall has effectively removed the capacity of the ground water to generate acidity on discharge to the surface. Calculations based on comparison to previously run laboratory column experiments indicate that the reactive wall has potential to remain effective for at least 15 years. |
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Dr. S.G. Benner, Earth Sciences Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont. N2L 3G1, Canada |
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1069-3629 |
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Review; A full-scale porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage; 0337197; United-States 46; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10621.pdf; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17555 |
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67 |
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Blowes, D.W.; Ptacek, C.J.; Benner, S.G.; McRae, C.W.T.; Puls, R.W. |
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Title |
Treatment of dissolved metals using permeable reactive barriers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection |
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250 |
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483-490 |
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adsorption; aquifers; attenuation; dissolved materials; metals; nutrients; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; reduction; water treatment Groundwater quality Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater acid mine drainage aquifer pollution conference proceedings containment barrier metal tailings Canada Ontario Nickel Rim Mine United States North Carolina Elizabeth City mine water treatment |
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Permeable reactive barriers are a promising new approach to the treatment of dissolved contaminants in aquifers. This technology has progressed rapidly from laboratory studies to full-scale implementation over the past decade. Laboratory treatability studies indicate the potential for treatment of a large number of inorganic contaminants, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tc, U, V, NO3, PO4, and SO4. Small scale field studies have indicated the potential for treatment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, NO3, PO4, and SO4. Permeable reactive barriers have been used in full-scale installations for the treatment of hexavalent chromium, dissolved constituents associated with acid-mine drainage, including SO4, Fe, Ni, Co and Zn, and dissolved nutrients, including nitrate and phosphate. A full-scale barrier designed to prevent the release of contaminants associated with inactive mine tailings impoundment was installed at the Nickel Rim mine site in Canada in August 1995. This reactive barrier removes Fe, SO,, Ni and other metals. The effluent from the barrier is neutral in pH and contains no acid-generating potential, and dissolved metal concentrations are below regulatory guidelines. A full-scale reactive barrier was installed to treat Cr(VI) and halogenated hydrocarbons at the US Coast Guard site in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, USA in June 1996. This barrier removes Cr(VI) from >8 mg l(-1) to <0.01 mg l(-1). |
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0144-7815 |
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Treatment of dissolved metals using permeable reactive barriers; Isip:000079718200072; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 8601 |
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178 |
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Diz, H.R. |
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Title |
Chemical and biological treatment of acid mine drainage for the removal of heavy metals and acidity |
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1997 |
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acid mine drainage; copper; effluents; ferrous iron; heavy metals; iron; manganese; metals; nickel; oxidation; pH; pollution; precipitation; rates; tailings; temperature; waste water; zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, |
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Blacksburg |
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Chemical and biological treatment of acid mine drainage for the removal of heavy metals and acidity; GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6316 |
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400 |
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Author |
Eger, P. |
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Title |
Wetland Treatment for Trace-metal Removal from Mine Drainage – the Importance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes |
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1994 |
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Water Sci. Technol. |
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29 |
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4 |
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249-256 |
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copper cobalt nickel zinc ion exchange sulfate reduction adsorption acid mine drainage passive treatment |
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When designing wetland treatment systems for trace metal removal, both aerobic and anaerobic processes can be incorporated into the final design. Aerobic processes such as adsorption and ion exchange can successfully treat neutral drainage in overlandflow systems. Acid drainage can be treated in anaerobic systems as a result of sulfate reduction processes which neutralize pH and precipitate metals.Test work on both aerobic and anaerobic systems has been conducted in Minnesota. For the past three years, overland flow test systems have successfully removed copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc from neutral mine drainage. Nickel, which is the major contaminant, has been reduced around 90 percent from 2 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L. A sulfate reduction system has successfully treated acid mine drainage for two years, increasing pH from 5 to over 7 and reducing concentrations of all metals by over 90 percent.Important factors to consider when designing wetlands to remove trace metals include not only the type of wetlandrequired but also the size of the system and the residence time needed to achieve the water quality standards. |
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0273-1223 |
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Wetland Treatment for Trace-metal Removal from Mine Drainage – the Importance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes; Isi:A1994nv30000032; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17336 |
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394 |
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Eger, P.; Melchert, G.; Antonson, D.; Wagner, J. |
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Magnesium hydroxide as a treatment for acid mine drainage in northern Minnesota |
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1993 |
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Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, vol.10 |
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204-217 |
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acid mine drainage acidification alkaline earth metals chemical properties cobalt copper drainage experimental studies hydroxides laboratory studies lime magnesium magnesium hydroxide metals Minnesota nickel northern Minnesota oxides pH pollution porous materials reagents remediation residence time trace metals United States waste disposal zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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Three alkaline materials were investigated for their suitability to treat acid mine drainage generated by a research facility located at a remote site in northern Minnesota. The materials investigated were hydrated lime, sodium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide. All three reagents were successful at raising pH and removing trace metals from the drainage, but the magnesium hydroxide had the added benefit of producing a maximum pH of approximately 9.5, while the other two reagents resulted in pH values of 12 and greater. In addition, the magnesium hydroxide was available as a high solid content slurry (58%) which simplified application and handling, and which produced the lowest volume of sludge of the materials tested. |
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Zamora, B.A.; Connolly, R.E. |
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The challenge of integrating diverse perspectives in reclamation |
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Magnesium hydroxide as a treatment for acid mine drainage in northern Minnesota; GeoRef; English; 2002-028930; 10th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Spokane, WA, United States, May 16, 1993 References: 7; illus. incl. 4 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16743 |
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393 |
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