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Parker, G.; Noller, B.; Waite, T.D. |
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Title |
Assessment of the use of fast-weathering silicate minerals to buffer AMD in surface waters in tropical Australia |
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Book Chapter |
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Year  |
1999 |
Publication |
Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II; Conference proceedings |
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acid mine drainage Australasia Australia buffers carbonate ion geochemistry Northern Territory Australia Pine Creek Geosyncline pollution pyrite sulfides surface water tropical environment water quality 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Surface waters in the Pine Creek Geosyncline (located in Australia's “Top End”, defined as the area of Australia north of 15 degrees S) are characterized by their low carbonate buffering capacity. These waters are buffered by silicate weathering and hence are slightly acidic, ranging in pH from 4.0 to 6.0. The Pine Creek Geosyncline contains most of the Top Ends' economic mineral deposits and characteristically shows no correlation between carbonate minerals and sulfidic orebodies hosting gold deposits (unlike uranium deposits). Thus many gold mines do not have ready access to carbonate minerals for buffering acid mine drainage (AMD). It is possible that locally available fast-weathering silicate minerals may be used to buffer AMD seeps. The buffering intensity of silicate minerals exceeds that of carbonate minerals, but their slow dissolution kinetics has ensured that these materials have received little attention in treating AMD. In addition, carbonate mineral dissolution is retarded when contacted with intense AMD solutions due to the formation of surface coatings of iron minerals. The lower pH range of silicate mineral dissolution may prevent the formation of such coatings. The Pine Creek Geosyncline consists of a complex geochemistry, and a number of fast-weathering silicate minerals have been noted in various areas. The difficulty in assessing such minerals for use in buffering AMD is the lack of kinetic data available under conditions prevalent AMD (i.e., low pH solutions saturated with aluminium and silica). This study sets out to evaluate the applicability of using such minerals to treat AMD surface seeps. |
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Goldsack, D.E.; Belzile, N.; Yearwood, P.; Hall, G.J. |
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0886670470 |
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Assessment of the use of fast-weathering silicate minerals to buffer AMD in surface waters in tropical Australia; GeoRef; English; 2000-048644; Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II, Sudbury, ON, Canada, Sept. 13-17, 1999 References: 36; illus. incl. 2 tables |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16594 |
Serial |
273 |
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Author |
Niyogi, D.K.; McKnight, D.M.; Lewis, W.M., Jr.; Kimball, B.A. |
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Title |
Experimental diversion of acid mine drainage and the effects on a headwater stream |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Water-Resources Investigations Report |
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Volume |
Wri 99-4018-A |
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123-130 |
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Keywords |
abandoned mines acid mine drainage algae benthonic taxa biomass biota Colorado experimental studies heavy metals Lake County Colorado Leadville Colorado metals mines pH Plantae pollution remediation Saint Kevin Gulch Colorado tracers United States USGS water zinc |
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An experimental diversion of acid mine drainage was set up near an abandoned mine in Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado. A mass-balance approach using natural tracers was used to estimate flows into Saint Kevin Gulch. The diversion system collected about 85 percent of the mine water during its first year of operation (1994). In the first 2 months after the diversion, benthic algae in an experimental reach (stream reach around which mine drainage was diverted) became more abundant as water quality improved (increase in pH, decrease in zinc concentrations) and substrate quality changed (decrease in rate of metal hydroxide deposition). Further increases in pH to levels above 4.6, however, led to lower algal biomass in subsequent years (1995-97). An increase in deposition of aluminum precipitates at pH greater than 4.6 may account for the suppression of algal biomass. The pH in the experimental reach was lower in 1998 and algal biomass increased. Mine drainage presents a complex, interactive set of stresses on stream ecosystems. These interactions need to be considered in remediation goals and plans. |
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0092-332x |
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Experimental diversion of acid mine drainage and the effects on a headwater stream; 2; GeoRef: 2001-017199 als Datei vorhanden 4 Abb.; VORHANDEN | AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17398 |
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286 |
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Author |
Mitchell, P.; Wheaton, A. |
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Title |
From environmental burden to natural resource; new reagents for cost-effective treatment of, and metal recovery from, acid rock drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II; Conference proceedings |
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acid mine drainage Bunker Hill Mine cost decontamination Idaho metal ores mines mitigation natural resources pollution reagents recovery Shoshone County Idaho sludge United States zinc ores 22 Environmental geology 27A Economic geology, geology of ore deposits |
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Acid rock drainage remains the greatest environmental issue faced by the mining sector and as the new millennium approaches, low capital/operating cost treatments remain elusive. Therefore as part of an ongoing process to develop a leading edge, innovative and cost-effective approach, pilot trials were conducted by KEECO in collaboration with the New Bunker Hill Mining Company on a substantial and problematic metal-contaminated acid flow, emanating from underground workings at the Bunker Hill Mine, Idaho. The aims of the work were fourfold. First to assess the capacity of KEECO's unique Silica Micro Encapsulation (SME) reagents and associated dosing systems to cost-effectively decontaminate the acid flow to stringent standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), where alternative and standard technologies had failed. Second, to demonstrate that treatment using a compact system suitable for underground installation. Third, to demonstrate that the treatment sludge had enhanced chemical stability in absolute terms and relative to standard approaches. Fourth, to examine the potential for resource recovery via sequential precipitation. Although the focus to date has been the development of a cost-effective treatment technology, the latter aim was considered essential in light of the growing pressure on all industrial sectors to develop tools for environmentally sustainable economic growth and the growing demands of stakeholders for improved resource usage and recycling. Two phases of work were undertaken: a laboratory-based scoping exercise followed by installation within the mine workings of a compact reagent delivery/shear mixing unit capable of treating the full flow of 31 L s (super -1) . At a dose rate of 2.0 g L (super -1) (equivalent to a final treated water pH range of 7-9), the SME reagent KB-1 reduced metal concentrations to levels approaching the U.S. Drinking Water Standards, which no other treatment piloted at the site had achieved. Based on the USEPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, the sludge arising from the treatment was classified as non-hazardous. Operating costs compared favourably with those of lime use, while estimated capital costs were considerably lower due to the compact nature of the reagent delivery system and the rapid settling characteristics of the treatment sediment. Resource recovery was attempted using a two-stage selective precipitation approach. The first stage involved pH adjustment to 5.5 (by addition of 1.5 g L (super -1) of KB-1) to produce a sludge enriched in aluminium, iron and manganese, with lesser amounts of arsenic, nickel, lead and zinc. Further KB-1 addition to a total of 2.1 g L (super -1) generated sludge enriched in zinc (33% by dry weight), demonstrating that resource recovery is theoretically feasible. Further work on downstream processing is required, although it is considered that the most likely route for zinc metal recovery will be high temperature/pressure due to the chemically inert nature of the zinc-rich sediment. |
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Goldsack, D.E.; Belzile, N.; Yearwood, P.; Hall, G.J. |
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0886670470 |
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From environmental burden to natural resource; new reagents for cost-effective treatment of, and metal recovery from, acid rock drainage; GeoRef; English; 2000-048642; Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II, Sudbury, ON, Canada, Sept. 13-17, 1999 References: 3; illus. incl. 5 tables |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16593 |
Serial |
296 |
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Author |
Mitchell, P.; Rybock, J.; Wheaton, A. |
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Title |
Treatment and prevention of ARID using silica micro encapsulation |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th annual National meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation; Mining and reclamation for the next millennium |
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657-661 |
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acid mine drainage Bunker Hill Mine Idaho mines pollution Shoshone County Idaho United States water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
In response to the known drawbacks of liming and the ever-increasing regulatory demands on the mining industry, KEECO has developed a silica micro encapsulation (SME) process. SME is a cost-effective, high performance reagent that is utilized in conjunction with simple chemical delivery systems. By encapsulating metals in a silica matrix formation and rapidly precipitating them into a sand-like sludge, it offers all the advantages of liming without the negative drawbacks. Utilizing an injection technique via a high shear mixing device, a slurry from of the SME product called KB-1 (super TM) was applied to ARD at the Bunker Hill Mine in Idaho and to ARD pumped from collection ponds at a remote mine site in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Flow rates at both sites ranged from 500 to 800 gallons per minute. Treated water from the Bunker Hill Mine operation achieved the site's NPDES criteria for all evaluated metals and U.S. Drinking Water quality for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc with a dosage rate of 1.34 grams KB-1 (super TM) per liter. Treated water from the Sierra Nevada project focused on the control of aluminum, arsenic, copper, iron and nickel. All water samples displayed a >99.5% reduction in these metals, as well as an 84%-87% reduction in the concentration of sulfate. Testing on sludge generated from both operations achieved TCLP Action Limits. The SME process is currently under evaluation as a means to coat the pyrite surfaces of newly generated mine tailings to prevent oxidation and future acid generation. |
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Bengson, S.A.; Bland, D.M. |
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Treatment and prevention of ARID using silica micro encapsulation; GeoRef; English; 2001-047986; 16th annual National meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Scottsdale, AZ, United States, Aug. 13-19, 1999 2 tables |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16602 |
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297 |
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Author |
Miller, S.D. |
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Title |
Overview of acid mine drainage issues and control strategies Remediation and management of degraded lands |
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Book Chapter |
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1999 |
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acid mine drainage; controls; decontamination; environmental analysis; environmental effects; geochemistry; ground water; land management; lime; oxidation; pH; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; risk assessment; soils; sulfides; surface water; waste disposal; waste management 22, Environmental geology |
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Lewis Publishers |
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Boca Raton |
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Wong, M.H.; Wong, J.W.C.; Baker, A.J.M. |
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157504109x |
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Overview of acid mine drainage issues and control strategies Remediation and management of degraded lands; GeoRef; English; 2000-057936 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5951 |
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298 |
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