| Records |
| Author |
Mustikkamaki, U.-P. |
| Title |
Metallipitoisten vesien biologisesta kasittelysta Outokummun kaivoksilla. Metal content treated with biological methods at the Outokummun operation |
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Journal Article |
Year  |
2000 |
Publication |
Vuoriteollisuus = Bergshanteringen |
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| Volume |
58 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
44-47 |
| Keywords |
acid mine drainage anaerobic environment bacteria biodegradation environmental analysis Europe filters Finland metals Outokummun Mine peat pollutants pollution reduction Scandinavia sediments sulfate ion Western Europe zinc 22, Environmental geology |
| Abstract |
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most serious environmental problems in the metal-mining industry. AMD is formed by the chemical and bacterial oxidation of sulphide minerals, and it is characterized by low pH values and high sulphate and metals content. The most common method to treat AMD is chemical neutralization. The chemical treatment requires high capital and operating costs and its use is problematic at the closed mines sites. Outokumpu has studied and used sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) as an alternative method for the treatment of AMD. SRB existing in many natural anaerobic aqueous environments can reduce sulphate to sulphide which precipitates metals as extremely insoluble metal sulphides. Full scale experiments were begun in summer 1995 in the Ruostesuo open pit (depth 46 m) by adding liquid manure as a source of bacteria and press-juice as a growth substrate. The average Zn content of the whole column has decreased from 3,5 mg/l to 0,8 mg/l and below 25 m zinc is 0 mg/l. Similar results have been reached with nickel in the Kotalahti old nickel mine, where bacteria were brought in 1996. We have found that the same bacterial mechanism acts in peat-limestone filters, which Outokumpu has built at several mine sites since 1993. |
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0042-9317 |
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Metallipitoisten vesien biologisesta kasittelysta Outokummun kaivoksilla. Metal content treated with biological methods at the Outokummun operation; 2001-069868; illus. incl. 3 tables Finland (FIN); GeoRef; Finnish |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16560 |
Serial |
291 |
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| Author |
Dempsey, B.A.; Jeon, B.-H. |
| Title |
Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
89-94 |
| Keywords |
acid mine drainage; aerobic environment; anaerobic environment; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; carbonate rocks; coagulation; compressibility; decontamination; density; drainage; filtration; geochemistry; Howe Bridge; Jefferson County Pennsylvania; limestone; mining geology; North America; passive systems; Pennsylvania; pH; pollution; ponds; rates; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; settling; sludge; slurries; suspended materials; United States; viscosity; wet packing density; wetlands; zeta-potential 22, Environmental geology |
| Abstract |
In the 1994 paper by Brown, Skousen & Renton it was argued that settleability and wet-packing density were the most important physical characteristics of sludge from treatment of mine drainage. These characteristics plus zeta-potential, intrinsic viscosity, specific resistance to filtration, and coefficient of compressibility were determined for several sludge samples from passive treatment sites and for several sludge samples that were prepared in the laboratory. Sludge from passive systems had high packing density, low intrinsic viscosity, low specific resistance to filtration and low coefficient of compressibility compared to sludge that was produced after addition of NaOH. |
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1467-7873 |
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Feb.; Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage; 2002-008382; References: 29; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 5734 |
Serial |
57 |
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| Author |
Demchak, J.; Morrow, T.; Skousen, J.; Donovan, J.J.; Rose, A.W. |
| Title |
Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Geochemistry – Exploration, Environment, Analysis |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
71-80 |
| Keywords |
acid mine drainage alkalinity anaerobic environment Appalachian Plateau Appalachians carbonate rocks Clearfield County Pennsylvania constructed wetlands Eh equilibrium Filson Wetlands ground water Howe Bridge Wetlands hydrology Jefferson County Pennsylvania limestone McKinley Wetlands Mill Creek watershed Moose Creek movement North America passive methods Pennsylvania pH pollution reclamation sedimentary rocks Sommerville Wetlands systems United States water treatment watersheds wetlands 22 Environmental geology 02B Hydrochemistry |
| Abstract |
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious problem in many watersheds where coal is mined. Passive treatments, such as wetlands and anoxic limestone drains (ALDs), have been developed, but these technologies show varying treatment efficiencies. A new passive treatment technique is a vertical flow wetland or successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS). Four SAPS in Pennsylvania were studied to determine changes in water chemistry from inflow to outflow. The Howe Bridge SAPS removed about 130 mg l (super -1) (40%) of the inflow acidity concentration and about 100 mg l (super -1) (60%) iron (Fe). The Filson 1 SAPS removed 68 mg l (super -1) (26%) acidity, 20 mg l (super -1) (83%) Fe and 6 mg l (super -1) (35%) aluminium (Al). The Sommerville SAPS removed 112 mg l (super -1) (31%) acidity, exported Fe, and removed 13 mg l (super -1) (30%) Al. The McKinley SAPS removed 54 mg l (super -1) (91%) acidity and 5 mg l (super -1) (90%) Fe. Acid removal rates at our four sites were 17 (HB), 52 (Filson1), 18 (Sommerville) and 11 (McKinley) g of acid per m (super 2) of surface wetland area per day (g/m (super 2) d (super -1) ). Calcium (Ca) concentrations in the SAPS effluents were increased between 8 and 57 mg l (super -1) at these sites. Equilibrators, which were inserted into compost layers to evaluate redox conditions at our sites, showed that reducing conditions were generally found at 60 cm compost depths and oxidized conditions were found at 30 cm compost depths. Deeply oxidized zones substantiated observations that channel flow was occurring through some parts of the compost. The Howe Bridge site has not declined in treatment efficiency over a six year treatment life. The SAPS construction costs were equal to about seven years of NaOH chemical treatment costs and 30 years of lime treatment costs. So, if the SAPS treatment longevity is seven years or greater and comparable effluent water quality was achieved, the SAPS construction was cost effective compared to NaOH chemical treatment. Construction recommendations for SAPS include a minimum of 50 cm of compost thickness, periodic replacement or addition of fresh compost material, and increasing the number of drainage pipes underlying the limestone. |
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1467-7873 |
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| Notes |
Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites; 2002-008380; References: 15; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16518 |
Serial |
58 |
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