Marquardt, K. (1987). Muelldeponie-Sickerabwasseraufbereitung unter Anwendung der Membrantechnik. Waste disposal-seepage waters processing by use of the membrane technique Zeitgemaesse Deponietechnik. In Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft, vol.24 (pp. 187–234).
Abstract: Seepage waters from waste disposal sites are highly polluted waste waters. Waste water treatment methods such as flocculation, sedimentation, or biological treatment being usual up to now are no longer adequate to purify these waters. That is why this article investigates modern techniques such as ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis, vaporization, stripping. The following combination has proved to be effective: membrane method (two-stage reverse osmosis with tubular and package modul) for pre- and reprocessing, vaporization for solidifying the solvents, stripping in order to extract volatile matter. Methodology, usability and results are introduced and illustrated here in detail.
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Entrena, A. L., Serrano, J. R., & Villoria, A. (1988). Descontaminacion de aguas de mina con recuperacion de los metales contenidos en ellas. Decontamination of mine waters by recovering the metals contained within them VIII congreso internacional de Mineria y metalurgia; tomo 8. VIII international conference on Mining and metallurgy; Volume 8. In Congreso Internacional de Mineria y Metalurgia, vol.8 (pp. 156–173).
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Brown, M. M., Atkinson, K., & Wilkins, C. (1994). Acid mine drainage amelioration by wetlands; study of a natural ecosystem. In Special Publication – United States. Bureau of Mines, Report: BUMINES-SP-06B-94 (406). Proceedings of the International land reclamation and mine drainage conference and Third international conference on The abatement of acidic drainage; Volume 2 of 4; Mine drainage.
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Arnekleiv, J. V., & Storset, L. (1995). Downstream effects of mine drainage on benthos and fish in a Norwegian river; a comparison of the situation before and after river rehabilitation. Heavy metal aspects of mining pollution and its remediation, 52, 35–43.
Abstract: Parts of the Norwegian river Gaula are strongly polluted from former mining activity in the area. In the most polluted parts of the river the concentration levels of Cu and Zn in 1986-1987 were up to 155 mu g l (super -1) and 186 mu g l (super -1) , respectively. In 1989 the spoil heaps in the mining area were covered with protective layers of moss-covered plastic. In 1991-1992 the concentration levels of Cu and Zn had decreased by 75% and 65%, respectively. Animal life in the polluted area seemed to be strongly affected by the trace metals in 1986-1987. The 1991-1992 results showed a marked increase in the number of species and in the number of individuals of each species of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, compared with the results from 1986-87. Good correlations were found between the concentrations of Cu in the water and both the number of species and the number of individuals of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Analysis of the species Baetis rhodani, Diura nanseni and Rhyacophila nubila showed an average total dry weight content of Cu up to 264 mu g g (super -1) , of Zn up to 1930 mu g g (super -1) and of Cd up to 16 mu g g (super -1) . The contents of the three trace metals were significantly different from one species to another and in part between the stations for each species. In 1987 trout died after an exposure of one to two days on three test sites in the river, whereas in 1991-1992 40-75% of the trout survived an exposure period of several weeks at two of the sites. Electrofishing in 1991-1992 indicated recolonization of trout in the lower parts of the former affected and uninhabitable area.
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Younger, P. L., Neal, C., House, W. A., Leeks, G. J. L., & Marker, A. H. (1997). The longevity of minewater pollution; a basis for decision-making U.K. fluxes to the North Sea; Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS); river basins research, the first two years. The Science of the Total Environment, 194-195, 457–466.
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