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King, T. V. V. (1995). Environmental considerations of active and abandoned mine lands: lessons from Summitville, Colorado. US Geological Survey Bulletin, 2220(38).
Abstract: Extreme acid-rock drainage is the dominant long-term environmental concern at the Summitville mine and could have been predicted given the geological characteristics of the deposit. Extensive remedial efforts are required to isolate both unweathered sulfides and soluble metal salts in the open-pit area and mine-waste piles from weathering and dissolution. Results of studies as of late 1993 indicate that mining at Summitville has had no discernible short-term adverse effects on barley or alfalfa crops irrigated with Alamosa River water. Remediation of the site will help to ensure that no adverse effects occur over the longer term. -from Editor
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Zamzow, M. J., & Schultze, L. E. (1993). Treatment of acid mine drainage using natural zeolites. International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties, and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, 1993, 220–221.
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Amacher, M. C., Brown, R. W., Kotuby-Amacher, J., & Willis, A. (1993). Adding sodium hydroxide to study metal removal in a stream affected by acid mine drainage. Research Paper, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 465(17).
Abstract: Fisher Creek, a stream affected by acid mine drainage in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana, was studied to determine the extent to which copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) would be removed from stream water when pH was increased by a pulse of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Although the pH adjustment study indicated that precipitated Fe(OH) “SUB 3” (am) could rapidly remove Cu and Zn from a stream affected by acid mine drainage, the pH should be maintained in an optimal range (7 to 8.5) to maximize removal by adsorption. -from Authors
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Goodman, G. T. (1974). Ecology and the problems of rehabilitating wastes from mineral extraction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 339(1618), 373–387.
Abstract: Environmental problems which may be associated with mineral extraction are: (a) the visual ugliness of open pits, waste tips, and working mess; (b) the nuisance of wind- and water-borne dusts; (c) the health hazards to wildlife, crops, livestock and man of locally increased environmental burdens of potentially toxic metals (e.g. Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Ni) derived from wind- and water-borne mine dusts and smelter smokes; (d) the safety hazards of surface subsidence and tip-slippage from deep-mining. All these disamenities can be cured or reduced by the reclamation process which involves a blend of socio-economic, legal, planning, civil engineering and biological expertise devoted to development planning, site purchase, land clearance, land forming, stabilization, drainage and revegetation of the affected site
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Johnson, D. B., & Hallberg, K. B. (2005). Acid mine drainage remediation options: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 338(1-2), 3–14.
Abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD) causes environmental pollution that affects many countries having historic or current mining industries. Preventing the formation or the migration of AMD from its source is generally considered to be the preferable option, although this is not feasible in many locations, and in such cases, it is necessary to collect, treat, and discharge mine water. There are various options available for remediating AMD, which may be divided into those that use either chemical or biological mechanisms to neutralise AMD and remove metals from solution. Both abiotic and biological systems include those that are classed as “active” (i.e., require continuous inputs of resources to sustain the process) or “passive” (i.e., require relatively little resource input once in operation). This review describes the current abiotic and bioremediative strategies that are currently used to mitigate AMD and compares the strengths and weaknesses of each. New and emerging technologies are also described. In addition, the factors that currently influence the selection of a remediation system, and how these criteria may change in the future, are discussed.
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