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Kingham, N. W., Semenak, R., Powell, G., & Way, S. (2002). Reverse osmosis coupled with chemical precipitation treatment of acid mine leachate at the Basin-Luttrell Pit, Ten Mile Creek Site, Lewis and Clark County, Montana Hardrock mining 2002; issues shaping the industry..
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King, T. V. V. (1995). Environmental considerations of active and abandoned mine lands: lessons from Summitville, Colorado. US Geological Survey Bulletin, 2220(38).
Abstract: Extreme acid-rock drainage is the dominant long-term environmental concern at the Summitville mine and could have been predicted given the geological characteristics of the deposit. Extensive remedial efforts are required to isolate both unweathered sulfides and soluble metal salts in the open-pit area and mine-waste piles from weathering and dissolution. Results of studies as of late 1993 indicate that mining at Summitville has had no discernible short-term adverse effects on barley or alfalfa crops irrigated with Alamosa River water. Remediation of the site will help to ensure that no adverse effects occur over the longer term. -from Editor
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Kim, A. G. (1982). Acid mine drainage: control and abatement research. United States / Bureau of Mines: Information circular. 1925 -, , 22.
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Ketellapper, V. L., Williams, L. O., Bell, R. S., & Cramer, M. H. (1996). The control of acid mine drainage at the Summitville Mine Superfund Site. In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems (SAGEEP), vol.1996 (pp. 303–311).
Abstract: The Summitville Mine Superfund Site is located about 25 miles south of Del Norte, Colorado, in Rio Grande County. Occurring at an average elevation of 11,500 feet in the San Juan Mountain Range, the mine site is located two miles east of the Continental Divide. Mining at Summitville has occurred since 1870. The mine was most recently operated by Summitville Consolidated Mining Company, Inc. (SCMCI) as an open pit gold mine with extraction by means of a cyanide leaching process. In December of 1992, SCMCI declared bankruptcy and vacated the mine site. At that time, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) took over operations of the water treatment facilities to prevent a catastrophic release of cyanide and metal-laden water from the mine site. Due to high operational costs of water treatment (approximately $50,000 per day), EPA established a goal to minimize active water treatment by reducing or eliminating acid mine drainage (AMD). All of the sources of AMD generation on the mine site were evaluated and prioritized. Of the twelve areas identified as sources of AMD, the Cropsy Waste Pile, the Summitville Dam Impoundment, the Beaver Mud Dump, the Reynolds and Chandler adits, and the Mine Pits were consider to be the most significant contributors to the generation of metal-laden acidic (low pH) water. A two part plan was developed to control AMD from the most significant sources. The first part was initiated immediately to control AMD being released from the Site. This part focused on improving the efficiency of the water treatment facilities and controlling the AMD discharges from the mine drainage adits. The discharges from the adits was accomplished by plugging the Reynolds and Chandler adits. The second part of the plan was aimed at reducing the AMD generated in groundwater and surface water runoff from the mine wastes. A lined and capped repository located in the mine pits for acid generating mining waste and water treatment plant sludge was found to be the most feasible alternative. Beginning in 1993, mining wastes which were the most significant sources of AMD were being excavated and placed in the Mine Pits. In November 1995, all of the waste from these sources had been excavated and placed in the the Mine Pits. This paper discusses EPA's overall approach to stabilize on-site sources sufficiently such that aquatic, agricultural, and drinking water uses in the Alamosa watershed are restored and/or maintained with minimal water treatment.
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Jones, D. R., & Chapman, B. M. (1995). Wetlands to treat AMD – facts and fallacies. Wetlands zur Sanierung saurer Grubenwässer – Fakten und Irrtümer. In Second Australian Acid Mine Drainage Workshop, Charters Towers, AU, 28 31 March 1995 (pp. 127–145).
Abstract: Nach einer Definition der Wetlands wird ihre zunehmende Bedeutung als kostengünstige, ästhetische und nahezu wartungslose Alternative zur chemischen Aufbereitung saurer und schwermetallbelasteter Grubenwässer erläutert. Es werden die physikalischen Voraussetzungen behandelt und unter Bezugnahme auf ein umfangreiches Schrifttum die chemischen und mikrobiologischen Prozesse, die in Wetlands ablaufen, tabellarisch aufgelistet und detailliert unter Angabe der möglichen Reaktionen erläutert. Anschließend werden der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise der einzelnen Komponenten eines Wetlandsystems vorgestellt und die unterschiedlichen Typen der möglichen Ausführungsvarianten erläutert, was durch bildliche Darstellungen illustriert wird. Es wird ein Überblick zur Anwendung von Wetlands in Australien vermittelt. Die bei diesen Anwendungsfällen erzielten Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. Es werden Hinweise zur Planung sowie zur Anordnung der Wetlands gegeben, die auch grobe Kostenabschätzungen enthalten.
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