Home | << 1 2 3 >> |
Luna Bernal, R., & Delgado Venero, O. (1985). Origin and treatment of underground waters from Cerro de Pasco mine, Peru. Proceedings, 2nd International Mine Water Association Congress, 1, 27–40.
Abstract: die geologischen und hydrogeologischen gegebenheiten der lagerstaette werden im zusammenhang mit der herkunft der grubenwaesser erlaeutert. grosse mengen alkalischer waesser und saurer loesungen muessen aus den gruben entfernt werden. letztere enthalten kupfer- und eisen-schwefel- bakterien und werden zum auslaugen in situ und von halden verwendet. der wasserkreislauf in den gruben wird schematisch dargestellt.
|
Kuyucak, N. (2001). Acid mining drainage prevention and control. Mining Environmental Management, 9(1), 12–15.
Keywords: acid mine drainage; bacteria; biodegradation; chemical properties; controls; disposal barriers; dissolved materials; geomembranes; heavy metals; hydrolysis; leaching; migration of elements; moisture; oxidation; permeability; pollution; ponds; preventive measures; reclamation; retention; risk assessment; sulfate ion; sulfides; synthetic materials; tailings; toxic materials; underground installations; underground storage; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution; water treatment 22, Environmental geology
|
Earley, D., III, Schmidt, R. D., & Kim, K. (1997). Is sustainable mining an oxymoron?.
Abstract: Sustainable mining is generally considered to be an oxymoron because mineral deposits are viewed as nonrenewable resources that are fixed in the crust. However, minerals are conserved and recycled by plate tectonics which continually creates and destroys ore deposits. Though it is true that rock cycles have much longer periods than biomass cycles, the crust is essentially an infinite reservoir so long as we continue to invest in mineral exploration and processing technology. Implicit in the definition of sustainable development is the recognition that human development of resources in one reservoir may subsequently degrade resources supplied by another. The depreciation of overlapping and adjacent resources is often externalized in the cost to benefit accounting and cannot be sustained if the integrated cost/benefit ratio is greater than 1. The greatest obstacle to sustainability in mining is the expanding scale of excavation required to develop leaner ores because this activity degrades connected resources. In the case of open pit, sulfide ore mining the disturbed land may produce acid rock drainage (ARD). Because ARD will self-generate over the course of tens to hundreds of years the cost of controlling this pollution and rehabilitating mined lands is large and often spread over many generations. Secondary production of minerals from partially excavated deposits where there are preexisting environmental impacts and mine infrastructure help to reduce the risk of depreciating pristine resources, provided that new mining operations “do no (additional) harm” (Margoles, 1996). In turn, a percentage of the profits derived from secondary mineral production can be used for rehabilitation of the previously mined lands. These lands contain significant, albeit low grade, metal concentrations. These concepts are being developed and tested at the Mineral Park Sustainable Mining Research Facility where an in situ copper sulfide mining field experiment was conducted. Monitoring data and computer modeling indicate that ARD is not generated after closure. This is because the ore is not disturbed and is left saturated, whereas unsaturated conditions generate acidic drainage. The short term risk of groundwater contamination is mitigated by utilizing an exempt mine pit to capture any leach solutions that are not intercepted by the wellfield. Using green accounting techniques and transfer models it can be communicated that this mining scenario is an approach to sustainability.
|
Aube, B. C., & Zinck, J. M. (1999). Comparison of AMD treatment processes and their impact on sludge characteristics.
Abstract: Lime neutralisation for the treatment of acid mine drainage is one of the oldest water pollution control techniques practised by the mineral industry. Several advances have been made in the process in the last thirty years, particularly with respect to discharge concentrations and sludge density. However, the impact of different treatment processes on metal leachability and sludge handling properties has not been investigated. A study of treatment sludges sampled from various water treatment plants has shown that substantial differences can be related to the treatment process and raw water composition. This study suggests that sludge densities, excess alkalinity, long-term compaction properties, metal leachability, crystallinity and cost efficiency can be affected by the neutralisation process and specific process parameters. The study also showed that the sludge density and dewatering ability is not positively correlated with particle size as previously suggested in numerous studies. The treatment process comparisons include sludge samples from basic lime treatment, the conventional High Density Sludge (HDS) Process, and the Geco HDS Process.
|