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Agency, U. S. E. P. (2006). Bioremediation of Acid Mine Drainage Using Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.
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Landers, J. (2006). Bioremediation method could cut cost of treating acid rock drainage. Civil Engineering, 76(7), 30–31.
Abstract: The Gilt Edge Mine in South Dakota's Lawrence County was a gold mine that was abandoned later when its recent owner went bankrupt. Seeking a cost-effective method for treating millions of gallons of acid rock drainage (ARD), CDM partnered with Green World Science, Inc. (GWS) of Boise, Idaho, for the development of an in situ bioremediation process that can be used to remove metals from pit lake water. Recent testing revealed that the in situ bioremediation method can successfully remove metals from highly acidic water without the need to construct costly water treatment facilities.
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Sierra-Alvarez, R. (2006). Biological treatment of heavy metals in acid mine drainage using sulfate reducing bioreactors. Water Sci. Technol., 54(2), 179–185.
Abstract: The uncontrolled release of acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned mines and tailing piles threatens water resources in many sites worldwide. AMD introduces elevated concentrations of sulfate ions and dissolved heavy metals as well as high acidity levels to groundwater and receiving surface water. Anaerobic biological processes relying on the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria are being considered for the treatment of AMD and other heavy metal containing effluents. Biogenic sulfides form insoluble complexes with heavy metals resulting in their precipitation. The objective of this study was to investigate the remediation of AMD in sulfate reducing bioreactors inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge and fed V with an influent containing ethanol. Biological treatment of an acidic (pH 4.0) synthetic AMD containing high concentrations of heavy metals (100 Mg Cu2+vertical bar(-1); 10 mg Ni2+vertical bar(-1), 10 mg Zn2+vertical bar(-1)) increased the effluent pH level to 7.0-7.2 and resulted in metal removal efficiencies exceeding 99.2%. The highest metal precipitation Cn rates attained for Cu, Ni and Zn averaged 92.5, 14.6 and 15.8 mg metal l(-1) of reactor d(-1). The results of this work demonstrate that an ethanol-fed sulfidogenic reactor was highly effective to remove heavy metal contamination and neutralized the acidity of the synthetic wastewater.
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Ciftci, H., & Akcil, A. (2006). Asidik maden drenajinin (AMD) giderilmesinde uygulanan biyolojik yontemler. Biological methods applied in the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). Madencilik = The = Journal of the Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey, 45(1), 35–45.
Abstract: Acidic mine drainage (AMD) is a serious environmental problem in mining areas throughout the world. AMD occurs as a result of the natural oxidation of sulfide minerals when they are exposed to oxygen and water during their disposal and storage at the mining areas. Because it includes low pH and high concentrations of dissolved metals and sulphates, AMD can potentially damage to the environment. If the formation of AMD can't be prevented and controlled, it must be collected and treated to remove acidity and reduce the concentration of heavy metals and suspended solids before its release to the environment. Different types of microorganisms in the treatment of AMD can play a very important role in the development and the application of microbiological prevention, control and treatment technologies. The purpose of this article is to give information about the passive biological methods used in the treatment and the control of AMD and the role of microorganisms in these methods.
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Conca, J. L., & Wright, J. (2006). An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd. Appl. Geochem., 21(12), 2188–2200.
Abstract: Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed).
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