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Schoeman, J.J.; Steyn, A. |
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Investigation into alternative water treatment technologies for the treatment of underground mine water discharged by Grootvlei Proprietary Mines Ltd into the Blesbokspruit in South Africa |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Desalination |
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133 |
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1 |
Pages |
13-30 |
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Keywords |
underground mine water treatment technologies reverse osmosis electrodialysis reversal ion-exchange water quality brine disposal treatment costs |
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Abstract |
Grootvlei Proprietary Mines Ltd is discharging between 80 and 100 Ml/d underground water into the Blesbokspruit. This water is pumped out of the mine to keep the underground water at such a level as to make mining possible. The water is of poor quality because it contains high TDS levels (2700-3800 mg/l) including high concentrations of iron, manganese, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and chloride. This water will adversely affect the water ecology in the Blesbokspruit, and it will significantly increase the TDS concentration of one of the major water resources if not treated prior to disposal into the stream. Therefore, alternative water desalination technologies were evaluated to estimate performance and the economics of the processes for treatment of the mine water. It was predicted that water of potable quality should be produced from the mine water with spiral reverse osmosis (SRO). It was demonstrated that it should be possible to reduce the TDS of the mine water (2000-2700-3400-4500 mg/l) to potable standards with SRO (85% water recovery). The capital costs (pretreatment and desalination) for a 80 Ml/d plant (worst-case water) were estimated at US$35M. Total operating costs were estimated at 88.1c/kl. Brine disposal costs were estimated at US$18M. Therefore, the total capital costs are estimated at US$53M. It was predicted that it should be possible to produce potable water from the worst-case feed water (80 Ml/d) with the EDR process. It was demonstrated that the TDS in the feed could be reduced from 4178 to 246 mg/l in the EDR product (65% water recovery). The capital costs (pretreatment plus desalination) to desalinate the worst-case feed water to potable quality with EDR is estimated at US$53.3M. The operational costs are estimated at 47.6 c/kl. Brine disposal costs were estimated at US$42M. Therefore, the total capital costs are estimated at US$95.3 M. It was predicted that it should be possible to produce potable water from the mine water with the GYP-CIX ion- exchange process. It was demonstrated that the feed TDS (2000- 4500 mg/l) could be reduced to less than 240 mg/l (54% water recovery for the worst-case water). The capital cost for an 80 Ml/d ion-exchange plant (worst-case water) was estimated at US$26.7M (no pretreatment). Operational costs were estimated at 60.4 c/kl. Brine disposal costs were estimated at US$55.1M. Therefore, the total desalination costs were estimated at US$81.8M. The capital outlay for a SRO plant will be significantly less than that for either an EDR or a GYP-CIX plant. The operating costs, however, of the RO plant are significantly higher than for the other two processes. Potable water sales, however, will bring more in for the RO process than for the other two processes because a higher water recovery can be obtained with RO. The operating costs minus the savings in water sales were estimated at 17.2; 6.7 and US$8.6M/y for the RO, EDR and GYP-CIX processes, respectively (worst case). Therefore, the operational costs of the EDR and GYP-CIX processes are the lowest if the sale of water is taken into consideration. This may favour the EDR and GYP-CIX processes for the desalination of the mine water. |
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0011-9164 |
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Feb. 10; Investigation into alternative water treatment technologies for the treatment of underground mine water discharged by Grootvlei Proprietary Mines Ltd into the Blesbokspruit in South Africa; Isi:000167087500002; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10184.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17480 |
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23 |
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Burnett, M.; Skousen, J.G.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Title |
Injection of limestone into underground mines for AMD control |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage; acidification; alkalinity; carbonate rocks; chemical composition; coal fields; concentration; environmental analysis; environmental management; experimental studies; geologic hazards; ground water; hazardous waste; heavy metals; hydrology; land subsidence; limestone; mines; mining; mining geology; pH; pollution; Preston County West Virginia; reclamation; runoff; sedimentary rocks; Sovern Run Mine; surface water; underground mining; United States; waste management; water quality; West Virginia 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
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Morgantown |
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Injection of limestone into underground mines for AMD control; GeoRef; English; 2004-051160; Edition: 2 References: 2; illus. incl. 1 table |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6370 |
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427 |
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Guo, F.; Yu, H. |
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Title |
Hydrogeochemistry and treatment of acid mine drainage in southern China |
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Book Chapter |
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1993 |
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Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, vol.10 |
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277-283 |
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acid mine drainage Asia bacteria chemical reactions China coal mines ecology Far East geochemistry hydrochemistry Jiangxi China lime mines oxidation pH pollution sulfides surface water trace elements water quality 22 Environmental geology 02B Hydrochemistry |
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Coal mines and various sulfide ore deposits are widely distributed in Southern China. Acid mine drainage associated with coal and metal sulfide deposits affects water quality in some mined areas of Southern China. Mining operations accelerate this natural deterioration of water quality by exposing greater surface areas of reactive minerals to the weathering effects of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Some approaches to reduce the effects of acid mine drainage on water quality are adopted, and they can be divided into two aspects: (a) Man-made control technology based on long-term monitoring of acid mine drainage; and, (b) Neutralization of acidity through the addition of lime. It is important that metals in the waste water are removed in the process of neutralization. A new method for calculating neutralization dosage is applied. It is demonstrated that the calculated value is approximately equal to the actual required value. |
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Zamora, B.A.; Connolly, R.E. |
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The challenge of integrating diverse perspectives in reclamation |
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Hydrogeochemistry and treatment of acid mine drainage in southern China; GeoRef; English; 2002-028935; 10th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Spokane, WA, United States, May 16, 1993 References: 3; illus. incl. 4 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16744 |
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366 |
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Meek, F.A., Jr.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Title |
Evaluation of acid prevention techniques used in surface mining |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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acidic composition; acidification; Allegheny Mountains; Appalachians; central West Virginia; coal mines; controls; environmental analysis; environmental management; ground water; lime; mines; North America; phosphates; pollution; preventive measures; reclamation; remediation; spoils; surface water; United States; Upshur County West Virginia; water quality; water treatment; West Virginia 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
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Morgantown |
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Evaluation of acid prevention techniques used in surface mining; GeoRef; English; 2004-051150; Edition: 2 References: 5; illus. incl. 2 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6360 |
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301 |
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Becker, G.; Wade, S.; Riggins, J.D.; Cullen, T.B.; Venn, C.; Hallen, C.P. |
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Title |
Effect of Bast Mine treatment discharge on Big Mine Run AMD and Mahanoy Creek in the Western Middle Anthracite Field of Pennsylvania |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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abandoned mines acid mine drainage anthracite Ashland Pennsylvania Bast Mine Big Mine Run coal coal fields coal mines Columbia County Pennsylvania discharge geochemistry hydrochemistry hydrology Mahanoy Creek mines Northumberland County Pennsylvania Pennsylvania pollution rivers and streams Schuylkill County Pennsylvania sedimentary rocks surface water United States water quality water treatment Western Middle Anthracite Field 22 Environmental geology 02A General geochemistry |
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The Bast Mine (reopened in 2001) and Big Mine are two anthracite coal mines near Ashland, PA, that were abandoned in the 1930's and that are now causing drastic and opposite effects on the water quality of the streams originating from them. To quantify these effects, multiple samples were taken at 5 different sites: 3 along Big Mine Run and 2 from Mahanoy Creek (1 upstream and 1 downstream of the confluence with Big Mine Run). At each site, one set of the samples was treated with nitric acid for metals survey, one set was acidified with sulfuric acid for nitrate preservation, one set was filtered for sulfate and phosphate tests, and one set was unaltered. Measurements of pH, TDS, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were made in the field. Alkalinity, acidity, hardness, nitrates, orthophosphates and sulfates were analyzed using Hach procedures. Selected metals (Fe, Ni, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb) were analyzed utilizing flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Drainage from the Bast Mine is actively treated with hydrated lime before the water is piped down to Big Mine Run. pH and alkalinity values were much higher at the outflow compared to those in the water with which it merged. The two waters could be visibly distinguished some distance downstream. pH values decreased, sulfate and dissolved iron increased and alkalinity was reduced to zero until the confluence with Mahanoy Creek. The high alkalinity, turbidity, TDS and calcium values in Mahanoy Creek were somewhat reduced downstream of the confluence with the much lower discharge Big Mine Run. |
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Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America |
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Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 40th annual meeting |
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2006-042616; Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 40th annual meeting, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States, March 14-16, 2005; GeoRef; English |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16455 |
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459 |
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