Kuyucak, N. (2001). Acid mine drainage; treatment options for mining effluents. Mining Environmental Management, 9(2), 12–15.
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Kleinmann, R. L. P. (1990). Acid Mine Water Treatment using Engineered Wetlands. Int. J. Mine Water, 9(1-4), 269–276.
Abstract: 400 systems installed within 4 years During the last two decades, the United States mining industry has greatly increased the amount it spends on pollution control. The application of biotechnology to mine water can reduce the industry's water treatment costs (estimated at over a million dollars a day) and improve water quality in streams and rivers adversely affected by acidic mine water draining from abandoned mines. Biological treatment of mine waste water is typically conducted in a series of small excavated ponds that resemble, in a superficial way, a small marsh area. The ponds are engineered to first facilitate bacterial oxidation of iron; ideally, the water then flows through a composted organic substrate that supports a population of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The latter process raises the pH. During the past four years, over 400 wetland water treatment systems have been built on mined lands as a result of research by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. In general, mine operators find that the wetlands reduce chemical treatment costs enough to repay the cost of wetland construction in less than a year. Actual rates of iron removal at field sites have been used to develop empirical sizing criteria based on iron loading and pH. If the pH is 6 or above, the wetland area (in2) required is equivalent to the iron. load (grams/day) divided by 10. Theis requirement doubles at a pH of 4 to 5. At a pH below 4, the iron load (grams/day) should be divided by 2 to estimate the area required (in2).
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Kuyucak, N. (2001). Acid mining drainage prevention and control. Mining Environmental Management, 9(1), 12–15.
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Bhole, A. G. (1994). Acid-Mine Drainage And Its Treatment. Impact of Mining on the Environment, , 131–141.
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Deshpande, V. P., Pande, S. P., Gadkari, S. K., & Saxena, K. L. (1991). Acid-mine Drainage Treatment. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control, 26(8), 1387–1408.
Abstract: One of the serious problem faced by the mining industry is the disposal of acid mine drainage in view of it's harmful effects on receiving water bodies.Studies were conducted at Churcha underground mines of Colleries of South Eastern Coal Fields (CoalIndia Ltd) on the acidic mine waters with a view to evolve effective treatment system. The results of treatability studies alongwith viable treatment options are discussed in the paper.
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