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Author |
Cram, J.C. |
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Title |
Diversion well treatment of acid water, Lick Creek, Tioga County, PA |
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Year |
1996 |
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acid mine drainage acid rain atmospheric precipitation carbonate rocks diversion wells Lick Creek limestone Pennsylvania pH pollution rain sedimentary rocks surface water Tioga County Pennsylvania United States water quality water treatment wells 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Diversion wells implement a fluidized bed of limestone for the treatment of acid water resulting from acid mine drainage or acid precipitation. This study was undertaken to better understand the operation of diversion wells and to define the physical and chemical factors having the greatest impact on the neutralization performance of the system. The study site was located near Lick Creek, a tributary stream of Babb Creek, near the Village of Arnot in Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Investigative methods included collection and analysis of site water quality and limestone data and field study of this as well as other diversion well sites. Analysis of data led to these general conclusions: The site received surface water influenced by three primary sources 1) precipitation, 2) mine drainage baseflow, and 3) melted snow. Water mostly influenced by precipitation events and mine drainage baseflow was more acidic than water influenced by melting snow conditions. The diversion wells were generally able to treat only half or less of the total stream flow of Lick Creek and under extremely high flow conditions the treatment provided was minimal. A range of flow conditions were identified which produced the best performance for the two diversion wells. Treatment produced by the system decreased through the loading cycle and increases to a maximum value after each weekly refilling of limestone. Fine grained sediment in the stream was found to be limestone of the same general composition as the material placed within the wells. Neutralization of acid water was largely due to microscopic particles rather than the limestone sediment discharged to the stream. Additional downstream buffering due to the limestone sediment physically discharged from the vessels was not apparent. Diversion well systems are inexpensive and simple to construct. In addition, the systems were found to be highly reliable and able to effectively treat acid water resulting from mine drainage and acid precipitation. Diversion wells provide better treatment when the treatment site is located at the source of the acidity (such as a mine discharge), rather than at the receiving stream. Systems should be designed with 15 to 20 feet of hydraulic head and the site must have year-round access. Diversion well systems require weekly addition of limestone gravel to the vessels to facilitate continual treatment. A great deal of commitment is necessary to maintain a diversion well system for long periods of time. These systems are more economical and require less attention that conventional chemical treatment of acid water. However, these systems require more attention that traditional passive treatment methods for treatment of acid, including mine drainage. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Pennsylvania State University at University Park, |
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University Park |
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Diversion well treatment of acid water, Lick Creek, Tioga County, PA; GeoRef; English; References: 49; illus. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16652 |
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411 |
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Author |
Cox, M.R.; Peterson, G.L. |
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The effectiveness of in-situ limestone treatment of acid mine drainage Association of Engineering Geologists program with abstracts, 40th annual meeting; Converging at Cascadia |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1997 |
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Annual Meeting – Association of Engineering Geologists, vol.40 |
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93 |
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acid mine drainage; buffers; carbonate rocks; Carboniferous; clastic sediments; gravel; in situ; limestone; Mississippian; Missouri; Paleozoic; pollution; sedimentary rocks; sediments; southwestern Missouri; spoils; tailings ponds; United States; water pollution 22, Environmental geology |
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The effectiveness of in-situ limestone treatment of acid mine drainage Association of Engineering Geologists program with abstracts, 40th annual meeting; Converging at Cascadia; GeoRef; English; 2005-076824; Association of Engineering Geologists 40th annual meeting, Portland, OR, United States, Sept. 30-Oct. 4, 1997 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6318 |
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412 |
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Author |
Ciftci, H.; Akcil, A. |
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Title |
Asidik maden drenajinin (AMD) giderilmesinde uygulanan biyolojik yontemler. Biological methods applied in the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) |
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2006 |
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Madencilik = The = Journal of the Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey |
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45 |
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1 |
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35-45 |
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acid mine drainage biodegradation methods microorganisms oxidation pollutants pollution remediation sulfides 22, Environmental geology |
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Acidic mine drainage (AMD) is a serious environmental problem in mining areas throughout the world. AMD occurs as a result of the natural oxidation of sulfide minerals when they are exposed to oxygen and water during their disposal and storage at the mining areas. Because it includes low pH and high concentrations of dissolved metals and sulphates, AMD can potentially damage to the environment. If the formation of AMD can't be prevented and controlled, it must be collected and treated to remove acidity and reduce the concentration of heavy metals and suspended solids before its release to the environment. Different types of microorganisms in the treatment of AMD can play a very important role in the development and the application of microbiological prevention, control and treatment technologies. The purpose of this article is to give information about the passive biological methods used in the treatment and the control of AMD and the role of microorganisms in these methods. |
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0024-9416 |
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Asidik maden drenajinin (AMD) giderilmesinde uygulanan biyolojik yontemler. Biological methods applied in the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD); 2006-075215; References: 58 Turkey (TUR); GeoRef; Turkish |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16444 |
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416 |
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Author |
Carlson, L.; Kumpulainen, S. |
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Title |
Retention of harmful elements by ochreous precipitates of iron |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Tutkimusraportti Geologian Tutkimuskeskus |
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154 |
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30-33 |
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Surface water quality Pollution and waste management non radioactive geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 9) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) iron oxide precipitation chemistry sulfate arsenate heavy metal pH water pollution remediation |
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The capability of soil fines to fix harmful elements, e.g. heavy metals and arsenic, depends on specific surface area and other characteristics, such as surface charge. In the pH-range typical of natural waters (pH 5,5-7,5), the surfaces of fine-grained silicate particles and manganese oxides are negatively charged; consequently cations, such as heavy metals, fix effectively to them. The iron oxide surfaces are usually positively charged and typically fix anions, such as sulphate and arsenate. Retention of anions is especially extensive to precipitates formed from acid mine drainage (pH 2,5-5,0). For example, precipitates found at Paroistenjarvi mine, Finland, contain more than 70 g/kg of arsenic (dry matter). Adsorbed anions, e.g. sulphate, enhance the capacity of precipitate to fix heavy metal cations in low-pH environments. |
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L. Carlson, Tehtaankatu 25 A 4, Helsinki FIN-00150, Finland liisa.carlson@kolumbus.fi |
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0781-4240 |
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Retention of harmful elements by ochreous precipitates of iron; 2392974; Oksidiset rautasaostumat haitallisten aineiden pidattajina. Finland 7; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17533 |
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421 |
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Canty, G.A.; Everett, J.W. |
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Title |
Remediation of underground mine areas through treatment with fly ash |
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1999 |
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Acid mine drainage Groundwater Pollution Hazardous waste site remediation |
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Remediation of underground mine areas through treatment with fly ash; Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Conservation Commission, Water Quality Division; Opac |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7240 |
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423 |
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