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Author |
Tarutis Jr, W.J.; Stark, L.R.; Williams, F.M. |
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Title |
Sizing and performance estimation of coal mine drainage wetlands |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Ecological Engineering |
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12 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
353-372 |
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Keywords |
mine water treatment coal mine drainage constructed wetlands efficiency first-order removal loading rate removal kinetics sizing zero-order removal constructed wetlands water-quality iron kinetics removal model phosphorus retention mechanism design Wetlands and estuaries geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) acid mine drainage effluent performance assessment remediation wetland management |
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Abstract |
The effectiveness of wetland treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) was assessed using three measures of performance: treatment efficiency, area-adjusted removal, and first-order removal. Mathematical relationships between these measures were derived from simple kinetic equations. Area-adjusted removal is independent of pollutant concentration (zero-order reaction kinetics), while first-order removal is dependent on concentration. Treatment efficiency is linearly related to area-adjusted removal and exponentially related to first-order removal at constant hydraulic loading rates (flow/area). Examination of previously published data from 35 natural AMD wetlands revealed that statistically significant correlations exist between several of the performance measures for both iron and manganese removal, but these correlations are potentially spurious because these measures are derived from, and are mathematical rearrangements of, the same operating data. The use of treatment efficiency as a measure of performance between wetlands is not recommended because it is a relative measure that does not account for influent concentration differences. Area-adjusted removal accounts for mass loading effects, but it fails to separate the flow and concentration components, which is necessary if removal is first-order. Available empirical evidence suggests that AMD pollutant removal is better described by first-order kinetics. If removal is first-order, the use of area-adjusted rates for determining the wetland area required for treating relatively low pollutant concentrations will result in undersized wetlands. The effects of concentration and flow rate on wetland area predictions for constant influent loading rates also depend on the kinetics of pollutant removal. If removal is zero-order, the wetland area required to treat a discharge to meet some target effluent concentration is a decreasing linear function of influent concentration (and an inverse function of flow rate). However, if removal is first-order, the required wetland area is a non-linear function of the relative influent concentration. Further research is needed for developing accurate first-order rate constants as a function of influent water chemistry and ecosystem characteristics in order to successfully apply the first-order removal model to the design of more effective AMD wetland treatment systems. |
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W.J. Tarutis Jr., Department of Natural Science, Lackawanna Junior College, 501 Vine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, United States |
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0925-8574 |
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Feb.; Sizing and performance estimation of coal mine drainage wetlands; 0427766; Netherlands 46; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10596.pdf; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 10596 |
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25 |
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Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Lovett, R.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Title |
Open limestone channels for treating acid mine drainage; a new look at an old idea |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage; acidic composition; acidification; Appalachians; carbonate rocks; chemical reactions; concentration; constructed wetlands; ground water; limestone; North America; Pennsylvania; pollution; sedimentary rocks; surface water; United States; water quality; water treatment; West Virginia; western Pennsylvania; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
Place of Publication |
Morgantown |
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Open limestone channels for treating acid mine drainage; a new look at an old idea; GeoRef; English; 2004-051154; Edition: 2 References: 5; illus. incl. 5 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6364 |
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188 |
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Faulkner, B.B.; Skousen, J.G.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Title |
Treatment of acid mine drainage by passive treatment systems |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1996 |
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Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; alkalinity; carbonate rocks; chemical reactions; constructed wetlands; controls; depositional environment; ground water; heavy metals; limestone; microorganisms; pollution; sedimentary rocks; substrates; surface water; techniques; United States; water pollution; water treatment; West Virginia; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
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Morgantown |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by passive treatment systems; GeoRef; English; 2004-051153; Edition: 2 References: 13; illus. incl. 4 tables |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 6363 |
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384 |
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Author |
Barton, C.D.; Karathanasis, A.D. |
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Title |
Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
AAPG Eastern Section and the Society for Organic Petrology joint meeting; abstracts |
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1545 |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage aerobic environment air-water interface anaerobic environment attenuation buffers constructed wetlands controls diffusion iron manganese metals mineral composition pollution precipitation processes SEM data solubility solution sulfate ion sulfur wetlands X-ray diffraction data 22, Environmental geology |
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The use of constructed wetlands for acid mine drainage amelioration has become a popular alternative to conventional treatment methods, however, the metal attenuation processes of these systems are poorly understood. Precipitates from biotic and abiotic zones of a staged constructed wetland treating high metal load (approx. equal to 1000 mg L (super -1) ) and low pH (approx. 3.0) acid mine drainage were characterized by chemical dissolution, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Characterization of abiotic/aerobic zones within the treatment system suggest the presence of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides such as hematite, lepidocrocite, goethite, and jarosite. At the air/water interface of initial abiotic treatment zones, SO (sub 4) /Fe ratios were low enough (<2.0) for the formation of jarosite and goethite, but as the ratio increased due to treatment and subsequent reductions in iron concentration, jarosite was transformed to other Fe-oxyhydroxysulfates and goethite formation was inhibited. In addition, elevated pH conditions occurring in the later stages of treatment promoted the formation of amorphous iron oxyhydroxides. Biotic wetland cell substrate characterizations suggest the presence of amorphous iron minerals such as ferrihydrite and Fe(OH) (sub 3) . Apparently, high Fe (super 3+) activity, low Eh and low oxygen diffusion rates in the anaerobic subsurface environment inhibit the kinetics of crystalline iron precipitation. Some goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite, however, were observed near the surface in biotic areas and are most likely attributable to increased oxygen levels from surface aeration and/or oxygen transport by plant roots. Alkalinity generation from limestone dissolution within the substrate and bacterially mediated sulfate reduction also has a significant role on the mineral retention process. The formation of gypsum, rhodochrocite and siderite are by-products of alkalinity generating reactions in this system and may have an impact on S, Mn, and Fe solubility controls. Moreover, the buffering of acidity through excess alkalinity appears to facilitate the precipitation and retention of metals within the system. |
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AAPG Bulletin |
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81 |
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Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 1997-067790; AAPG Eastern Section and the Society for Organic Petrology joint meeting, Lexington, KY, United States, Sep. 27-30, 1997 |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16630 |
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70 |
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Author |
Anonymous |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1998 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
118 pp |
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Keywords |
abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; arsenic; bibliography; bioremediation; chemical properties; chemical waste; chromium; constructed wetlands; decontamination; disposal barriers; ground water; grouting; industrial waste; metals; microorganisms; mines; mobility; phytoremediation; pollutants; pollution; programs; reclamation; remediation; sludge; soil treatment; soils; solvents; sorption; Superfund; surface water; tailings; toxic materials; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; water quality; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration |
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Littleton |
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Remediation of historical mine sites; technical summaries and bibliography |
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0873351622 |
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Notes |
Remediation of historical mine sites; technical summaries and bibliography; 1998-031431; GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6164 |
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11 |
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