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Robbins, E.I.; Cravotta, C.A.; Savela, C.E.; Nord, G.L. |
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Title |
Hydrobiogeochemical Interactions in 'anoxic' Limestone Drains for Neutralization of Acidic Mine Drainage |
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Year |
1999 |
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78 |
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2 |
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259-270 |
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aluminite biofilms epilithic bacteria gibbsite limestone armoring anoxic limestone drains acid mine drainage surface waters iron aluminum bacteria sulfate |
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Abstract |
Processes affecting neutralization of acidic coal mine drainage were evaluated within 'anoxic' limestone drains (ALDs). Influents had pH less than or equal to 3.5 and dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/l. Even though effluents were near neutral (pH > 6 and alkalinity > acidity), two of the four ALDs were failing due to clogging. Mineral-saturation indices indicated the potential for dissolution of calcite and gypsum, and precipitation of Al3+ and Fe3+ compounds. Cleavage mounts of calcite and gypsum that were suspended within the ALDs and later examined microscopically showed dissolution features despite coatings by numerous bacteria, biofilms, and Fe-Al-Si precipitates. In the drain exhibiting the greatest flow reduction, Al-hydroxysulfates had accumulated onlimestone surfaces and calcite etch points, thus causing the decline in transmissivity and dissolution. Therefore, where Al loadings are high and flow rates are low, a pre-treatment step is indicated to promote Al removal before diverting acidic mine water into alkalinity-producing materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. |
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0016-2361 |
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Hydrobiogeochemical Interactions in 'anoxic' Limestone Drains for Neutralization of Acidic Mine Drainage; Isi:000078042100020; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17411 |
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261 |
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Dempsey, B.A.; Jeon, B.-H. |
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Title |
Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. |
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1 |
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1 |
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89-94 |
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acid mine drainage; aerobic environment; anaerobic environment; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; carbonate rocks; coagulation; compressibility; decontamination; density; drainage; filtration; geochemistry; Howe Bridge; Jefferson County Pennsylvania; limestone; mining geology; North America; passive systems; Pennsylvania; pH; pollution; ponds; rates; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; settling; sludge; slurries; suspended materials; United States; viscosity; wet packing density; wetlands; zeta-potential 22, Environmental geology |
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In the 1994 paper by Brown, Skousen & Renton it was argued that settleability and wet-packing density were the most important physical characteristics of sludge from treatment of mine drainage. These characteristics plus zeta-potential, intrinsic viscosity, specific resistance to filtration, and coefficient of compressibility were determined for several sludge samples from passive treatment sites and for several sludge samples that were prepared in the laboratory. Sludge from passive systems had high packing density, low intrinsic viscosity, low specific resistance to filtration and low coefficient of compressibility compared to sludge that was produced after addition of NaOH. |
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1467-7873 |
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Feb.; Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage; 2002-008382; References: 29; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5734 |
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57 |
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Demchak, J.; Morrow, T.; Skousen, J.; Donovan, J.J.; Rose, A.W. |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Geochemistry – Exploration, Environment, Analysis |
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1 |
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1 |
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71-80 |
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acid mine drainage alkalinity anaerobic environment Appalachian Plateau Appalachians carbonate rocks Clearfield County Pennsylvania constructed wetlands Eh equilibrium Filson Wetlands ground water Howe Bridge Wetlands hydrology Jefferson County Pennsylvania limestone McKinley Wetlands Mill Creek watershed Moose Creek movement North America passive methods Pennsylvania pH pollution reclamation sedimentary rocks Sommerville Wetlands systems United States water treatment watersheds wetlands 22 Environmental geology 02B Hydrochemistry |
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious problem in many watersheds where coal is mined. Passive treatments, such as wetlands and anoxic limestone drains (ALDs), have been developed, but these technologies show varying treatment efficiencies. A new passive treatment technique is a vertical flow wetland or successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS). Four SAPS in Pennsylvania were studied to determine changes in water chemistry from inflow to outflow. The Howe Bridge SAPS removed about 130 mg l (super -1) (40%) of the inflow acidity concentration and about 100 mg l (super -1) (60%) iron (Fe). The Filson 1 SAPS removed 68 mg l (super -1) (26%) acidity, 20 mg l (super -1) (83%) Fe and 6 mg l (super -1) (35%) aluminium (Al). The Sommerville SAPS removed 112 mg l (super -1) (31%) acidity, exported Fe, and removed 13 mg l (super -1) (30%) Al. The McKinley SAPS removed 54 mg l (super -1) (91%) acidity and 5 mg l (super -1) (90%) Fe. Acid removal rates at our four sites were 17 (HB), 52 (Filson1), 18 (Sommerville) and 11 (McKinley) g of acid per m (super 2) of surface wetland area per day (g/m (super 2) d (super -1) ). Calcium (Ca) concentrations in the SAPS effluents were increased between 8 and 57 mg l (super -1) at these sites. Equilibrators, which were inserted into compost layers to evaluate redox conditions at our sites, showed that reducing conditions were generally found at 60 cm compost depths and oxidized conditions were found at 30 cm compost depths. Deeply oxidized zones substantiated observations that channel flow was occurring through some parts of the compost. The Howe Bridge site has not declined in treatment efficiency over a six year treatment life. The SAPS construction costs were equal to about seven years of NaOH chemical treatment costs and 30 years of lime treatment costs. So, if the SAPS treatment longevity is seven years or greater and comparable effluent water quality was achieved, the SAPS construction was cost effective compared to NaOH chemical treatment. Construction recommendations for SAPS include a minimum of 50 cm of compost thickness, periodic replacement or addition of fresh compost material, and increasing the number of drainage pipes underlying the limestone. |
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1467-7873 |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites; 2002-008380; References: 15; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16518 |
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58 |
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Skousen, J.; Jenkins, M. |
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Title |
Acid mine drainage treatment costs with calcium oxide and the Aquafix machine |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Green Lands |
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31 |
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3 |
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46-51 |
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acid mine drainage; chemical composition; Clay County West Virginia; coal mines; cost; decontamination; ground water; instruments; lime; Mary Ruth Mines; mines; pollution; Preston County West Virginia; remediation; sludge; surface water; techniques; United States; water pollution; water treatment; West Virginia 22, Environmental geology |
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0271-0110 |
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Acid mine drainage treatment costs with calcium oxide and the Aquafix machine; 2002-045348; illus. United States (USA); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5759 |
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246 |
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Skousen, J. |
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Title |
Overview of passive systems for treating acid mine drainage |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
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Green Lands |
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27 |
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4 |
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34-43 |
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acid mine drainage; anoxic limestone drains; bioremediation; constructed wetlands; diversion wells; limestone ponds; mitigation; open limestone channels; passive systems; pollution; remediation; successive alkalinity producing systems; technology; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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0271-0110 |
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Overview of passive systems for treating acid mine drainage; 2000-019214; References: 59; illus. United States (USA); GeoRef; English |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 6309 |
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247 |
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