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Author |
Cram, J.C. |
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Title |
Diversion well treatment of acid water, Lick Creek, Tioga County, PA |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1996 |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage acid rain atmospheric precipitation carbonate rocks diversion wells Lick Creek limestone Pennsylvania pH pollution rain sedimentary rocks surface water Tioga County Pennsylvania United States water quality water treatment wells 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Diversion wells implement a fluidized bed of limestone for the treatment of acid water resulting from acid mine drainage or acid precipitation. This study was undertaken to better understand the operation of diversion wells and to define the physical and chemical factors having the greatest impact on the neutralization performance of the system. The study site was located near Lick Creek, a tributary stream of Babb Creek, near the Village of Arnot in Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Investigative methods included collection and analysis of site water quality and limestone data and field study of this as well as other diversion well sites. Analysis of data led to these general conclusions: The site received surface water influenced by three primary sources 1) precipitation, 2) mine drainage baseflow, and 3) melted snow. Water mostly influenced by precipitation events and mine drainage baseflow was more acidic than water influenced by melting snow conditions. The diversion wells were generally able to treat only half or less of the total stream flow of Lick Creek and under extremely high flow conditions the treatment provided was minimal. A range of flow conditions were identified which produced the best performance for the two diversion wells. Treatment produced by the system decreased through the loading cycle and increases to a maximum value after each weekly refilling of limestone. Fine grained sediment in the stream was found to be limestone of the same general composition as the material placed within the wells. Neutralization of acid water was largely due to microscopic particles rather than the limestone sediment discharged to the stream. Additional downstream buffering due to the limestone sediment physically discharged from the vessels was not apparent. Diversion well systems are inexpensive and simple to construct. In addition, the systems were found to be highly reliable and able to effectively treat acid water resulting from mine drainage and acid precipitation. Diversion wells provide better treatment when the treatment site is located at the source of the acidity (such as a mine discharge), rather than at the receiving stream. Systems should be designed with 15 to 20 feet of hydraulic head and the site must have year-round access. Diversion well systems require weekly addition of limestone gravel to the vessels to facilitate continual treatment. A great deal of commitment is necessary to maintain a diversion well system for long periods of time. These systems are more economical and require less attention that conventional chemical treatment of acid water. However, these systems require more attention that traditional passive treatment methods for treatment of acid, including mine drainage. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Pennsylvania State University at University Park, |
Place of Publication  |
University Park |
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Notes |
Diversion well treatment of acid water, Lick Creek, Tioga County, PA; GeoRef; English; References: 49; illus. |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16652 |
Serial |
411 |
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Author |
Arango, I. |
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Title |
Evaluation of the beneficial effects of the acidophilic alga Euglena mutabilis on acid mine drainage systems |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2002 |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage atmospheric precipitation benthic taxa bioremediation dissolved materials dissolved oxygen electron microscopy data Euglena mutabilis Green Valley Mine ICP mass spectra Indiana iron mass spectra metals microorganisms mines oxygen pH photochemistry photosynthesis pollution rain remediation sediments soils spectra temperature United States Vigo County Indiana water 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Euglena mutabilis is an acidophilic, photosynthetic protozoan that forms benthic mats in acid mine drainage (AMD) channels. At the Green Valley mine, western Indiana, E. mutabilis resides in AMD measuring <4.2 pH, with high concentrations of dissolved constituents (up to 22.67 g/l). One of the main factors influencing E. mutabilis distribution is water temperature. The microbe forms thick (>1 mm), extensive mats during spring and fall, when water temperature is between 13 and 28 degrees C. During winter and summer, when temperatures are outside this range, benthic communities have a very patchy distribution and are restricted to areas protected from extreme temperature changes. E. mutabilis also responds to rapid increases in pH, which are associated with rainfall events. During these events pH can increase above 4.0, causing precipitation of Fe and Al oxy-hydroxides that cover the mats. The microbe responds by moving through the precipitates, due to phototaxis, and reestablishing the community at the sediment-water interface within 12 hours. The biological activities of E. mutabilis may have a beneficial effect on AMD systems by removing iron from effluent via oxygenic photosynthesis, and/or by internal sequestration. Photosynthesis by E. mutabilis contributes elevated concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), up to 17.25 mg/l in the field and up to 11.83 mg/l in the laboratory, driving oxidation and precipitation of reduced metal species, especially Fe (II), which are dissolved in the effluent. In addition, preliminary electro-microscopic and staining analyses of the reddish intracellular granules in E. mutabilis indicate that the granules contain iron, suggesting that E. mutabilis sequesters iron from AMD. Inductive coupled plasma analysis of iron concentration in AMD with and without E. mutabilis also shows that E. mutabilis accelerates the rate of Fe removal from the media. Whether iron removal is accelerated by internal sequestration of iron and/or by precipitation via oxygenic photosynthesis has yet to be determined. These biological activities may play an important role in the natural remediation of AMD systems. |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Indiana State University, |
Place of Publication |
Terre Haute |
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Notes |
Evaluation of the beneficial effects of the acidophilic alga Euglena mutabilis on acid mine drainage systems; GeoRef; English; References: 39; illus. incl. 3 tables |
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no |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16491 |
Serial |
476 |
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Author |
Pettit, C.M.; Scharer, J.M.; Chambers, D.B.; Halbert, B.E.; Kirkaldy, J.L.; Bolduc, L. |
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Title |
Neutral mine drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1999 |
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Sudbury '99; mining and the environment II; Conference proceedings |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage drainage geochemistry mining mining geology models neutral mine drainage pH pollution remediation technology water management water quality water resources 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Acid mine drainage is recognized as a serious environmental issue at mine sites world wide. While sulphate and metal concentrations in acidic drainage can reach exceptionally high levels, these can also be elevated and of concern in neutral drainage from waste rock and tailings. “Neutral mine drainage” (NMD) has not yet received as widespread attention as acid mine drainage (AMD). The oxidation of sulphide minerals and the production of either acidic or neutral contaminated drainage is affected by many factors. This paper examines the specific factors that result in the production of “neutral mine drainage” from mine wastes. Several case studies are presented which involve predictive geochemical modelling to illustrate the possible time frame and magnitude of contaminated neutral drainage. |
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Sudbury Environmental |
Place of Publication |
Sudbury |
Editor |
Goldsack, D.; Belzile, N.; Yearwood, P.; Hall, G.J. |
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0886670470 |
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Notes |
Neutral mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 2000-043769; Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II--Sudbury '99; L'exploitation miniere et l'environnement II, Sudbury, ON, Canada, Sept. 13-17, 1999 References: 12; illus. incl. 3 tables |
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no |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16589 |
Serial |
270 |
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Author |
Aube, B.C.; Zinck, J.M. |
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Title |
Comparison of AMD treatment processes and their impact on sludge characteristics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage cost decontamination density discharge geochemistry hydrochemistry leaching lime metals mine dewatering neutralization pH pollution remediation sludge stability tailings toxicity viscosity waste disposal water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Lime neutralisation for the treatment of acid mine drainage is one of the oldest water pollution control techniques practised by the mineral industry. Several advances have been made in the process in the last thirty years, particularly with respect to discharge concentrations and sludge density. However, the impact of different treatment processes on metal leachability and sludge handling properties has not been investigated. A study of treatment sludges sampled from various water treatment plants has shown that substantial differences can be related to the treatment process and raw water composition. This study suggests that sludge densities, excess alkalinity, long-term compaction properties, metal leachability, crystallinity and cost efficiency can be affected by the neutralisation process and specific process parameters. The study also showed that the sludge density and dewatering ability is not positively correlated with particle size as previously suggested in numerous studies. The treatment process comparisons include sludge samples from basic lime treatment, the conventional High Density Sludge (HDS) Process, and the Geco HDS Process. |
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Sudbury |
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Mining and the Environment II |
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Notes |
2002-060865; Sudbury '99; Mining and the environment II--Sudbury '99; L'exploitation miniere et l'environnement, Sudbury, ON, Canada, Sept. 13-17, 1999 References: 10; illus. incl. 6 tables; GeoRef; English |
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no |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16574 |
Serial |
473 |
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Author |
Greben, H.A.; Matshusa, M.P.; Maree, J.P. |
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Book Whole |
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2005 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
339-345 |
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Keywords |
water pollution biological Sulphate removal technology sulphate acidity metals treatment technique |
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Abstract |
Mining is implicated as a significant contributor to water pollution, the prime reason being, that pyrites oxidize to sulphuric acid when exposed to air and water. Mine effluents, often containing sulphate, acidity and metals, should be treated to render it suitable for re-use in the mining industry, for irrigation of crops or for discharge in water bodies. This study describes the removal of all three mentioned pollutants in mine effluents, from different origins, containing different concentrations of various metals. The objectives were achieved, applying the biological sulphate removal technology, using ethanol as the carbon and energy source. It was shown that diluting the mine effluent with the effluent from the biological treatment, the pH increased due to the alkalinity in the treated water while the metals precipitated with the produced sulphide. When this treatment regime was changed and the mine water was fed undiluted, it was found that the metals stimulated the methanogenic bacteria (MB) as trace elements. This resulted in a high COD utilization of the MB, such that too little COD was available for the SRB. Metal removal in all three studies was observed and in most instances the metals were eliminated to the required disposal concentration. |
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Publisher |
University of Oviedo |
Place of Publication |
Oviedo |
Editor |
Loredo, J.; Pendás, F. |
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Series Title |
Mine Water 2005 – Mine Closure |
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ISBN |
84-689-3415-1 |
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Notes |
The biological Sulphate removal technology; 1; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; FG 'aha' 3 Abb., 9 Tab. |
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no |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17347 |
Serial |
367 |
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