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Diz, H. R. (1997). Chemical and biological treatment of acid mine drainage for the removal of heavy metals and acidity. Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,, Blacksburg.
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Larsen, H. P. (1973). Chemical Treatment Of Metal-Bearing Mine Drainage. J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 45(8), 1682–1695.
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Beck, P. (2003). CL:AIRE – Providing support for remediation research. Land Contam. Reclam., 11(2), 99–104.
Abstract: CL:AIRE (Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments) is a public-private partnership which was established in 1999 to encourage the demonstration of remediation research and technologies on contaminated sites throughout the UK. Project proposals are submitted to CL:AIRE and reviewed and approved by the CL:AIRE Technology & Research Group. CL:AIRE provides independent verification of its projects and plays a crucial role in the dissemination of project information. During the course of the project, progress is reported through the newsletter, CL:AIRE view, which is mailed free of charge to a database of more than 4500 stakeholders with an interest in contaminated land. Progress is also tracked on the CL:AIRE website at www.claire.co.uk. On completion of the project, a project report is published and a one page summary fact sheet is prepared. The fact sheet is distributed to our database subscribers and posted on the website. The project is also presented at the CL:AIRE Annual Project Conference. In addition, aspects of the research which have practical application will be published as CL:AIRE Research Bulletins. Acid mine waters discharging from abandoned mines represent a significant environmental problem in many parts of the UK. Considerable research has been carried out to understand the geochemical process involved, and the knowledge has been used to manage groundwater discharge through physical/chemical treatment and constructed wetlands. CL:AIRE supports the development of a national site for wetland research managed by the University of Newcastle and will encourage collaborative research projects to be submitted through CL:AIRE. CL:AIRE is currently supporting two projects which demonstrate remediation of acid mine drainage and is disseminating the results of this and other research to improve confidence in the use of these techniques.
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Morfitt, B., Brewer, W., & Frobel, R. (1998). Cleaning up the Summitville Mine Superfund Site. Geotechnical Fabrics Report, 16(5), 38–41.
Abstract: A multi-layered geosynthetic system that includes geosynthetic-clay liners (GCL) and a geonet-composite drain (GNGC) is being used to cap and stabilize a 178000 m(exp 2) heap-leach pad at the Summitville Mine Superfund Site in Colorado. Selected were materials on the basis of design requirements for permeability, strength, extreme site conditions and cost. The Summitville cleanup called for a heap-leach pad cap to provide a barrier that would prevent precipitation from infiltrating the pad material. This long-term remediation prevents the pile from becoming saturated and allowing water to overflow the downslope dike, which could cause instability to dike and pond. Three geosynthetic alternatives were proposed. The contractor, that was awarded the heap leach pad, phase 2 contract, decided for a geosynthetic clay liner cap placed directly on the redesigned slopes. Bentofix NW-8 was used as GCL and TexNet TN was selected as the geocomposite drain. Conformance testing, subgrade preparation review, geosynthetic installation/repair inspection and review of cover material placement, performed by independent construction-quality assurance, showed that GCL is a well-suited cap material for heap leach pads, where high wind, cold temperatures rain and high altitude hinder construction. The robust geosynthetic allowed on-site coarse material to be used in the subgrade and cover layer, which saved the cost of importing more expensive bedding material.
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Komnitsas, K., Xenidis, A., & Tabouris, S. (2000). Composite cover for the prevention of acid mine drainage. Mining Environmental Management, 8(6), 14–17.
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