|
Laboratory, N. R. M. R. (2004). Demonstration of Aquafix and SAPS passive mine water treatment technologies at the Summitville Mine site. Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnati, Ohio : National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
|
Zhuang, J. M. (2004). Lignor(TM) process for acidic rock drainage treatment. Environ. Technol., 25(9), 1031–1040.
Abstract: The process using lignosulfonates for acidic rock drainage (ARD) treatment is referred to as the Lignor(TM) process. Lignosulfonates are waste by-products produced in the sulfite pulping process. The present study has shown lignosulfonates are able to protect lime from developing an external surface coating, and hence to favor its dissociation. Further, the addition of lignosulfonates to ARD solutions increased the clotting and settling rate of the formed sludge. The capability of lignosulfonates to form stable metal-lignin complexes makes them very useful in retaining metal ions and thus improving the long-term stability of the sludge against leaching. The Lignor(TM) process involves metal sorption with lignosulfonates, ARD neutralization by lime to about pH 7, pH adjustment with caustic soda to 9.4 – 9.6, air oxidation to lower the pH to a desired level, and addition of a minimum amount of FeCl3 for further removal of dissolved metals. The Lignor(TM) process removes all concerned metals (especially Al and Mn) from the ARD of the Britannia Mine (located at Britannia Beach, British Columbia, Canada) to a level lower than the limits of the B.C. Regulations. Compared with the high-density sludge (HDS) process, the Lignor(TM) process has many advantages, such as considerable savings in lime consumption, greatly reduced sludge volume, and improved sludge stability.
|
|
Álvarez, R., Ordóñez, A., Martínez, T., Loredo, J., Pendás, F., & Younger, P. (2004). (P. Jarvis Adam, A. Dudgeon Bruce, & L. Younger Paul, Eds.). mine water 2004 – Proceedings International Mine Water Association Symposium. 2: University of Newcastle.
|
Ye, Z. H. (2004). Use of a wetland system for treating Pb/Zn mine effluent: A case study in southern China from 1984 to 2002. Wetlands Ecosystems in Asia: Function and Management, 1, 413–434.
Abstract: A constructed wetland system in Guangdong Province, South of China has been used for treating Pb/Zn mine discharge since 1984. In this chapter, the performance of this system in the purification of mine discharge, metal accumulation in different ecological compartments and ecological succession within the system during the period of 1984-2002 has been reviewed. The data show that the wetland system not only effectively remove metals (mainly Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu) and total suspended solids from the mine discharge over a long period leading to significant improvement in water quality, but also gradually increase diversity and abundance of living organisms.
|
