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Curi, A. C., Granda, W. J. V., Lima, H. M., & Sousa, W. T. (2006). Zeolites and their application in the decontamination of mine waste water. Informacion Tecnologica, 17(6), 111–118.
Abstract: This paper describes the genesis, structure and classification of natural zeolites, including their most relevant properties such as porosity, adsorption and ionic exchange. The use of natural zeolites in the treatment of effluents containing heavy metals is reviewed based on current literature. These uses are focused on mineral-metallurgical effluents and mercury pollution related to artisan mining activities. The study shows that natural zeolites are efficient in removal of heavy metals in metal mining effluents, can be produced and improved at a low cost, and can also be used to adsorb mercury vapors from ovens used to fire amalgams.
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Rukin, N. (2003). Whittle mine water treatment system: In-river attenuation of manganese. Land Contam. Reclam., 11(2), 137–144.
Abstract: Much work has been undertaken on the design of treatment systems to remove iron from ochreous mine water discharges. Unlike iron, manganese removal is far more difficult and generally requires active chemical dosing rather than passive treatment. The need for manganese removal can therefore significantly change the economics, management attention and sustainability of a site. Understanding natural attenuation of manganese in river systems is therefore key to deciding whether (active) manganese treatment is needed to protect downstream receptors. Nuttall (2002, this volume) describes the effectiveness of the passive treatment system at Whittle in reducing both iron and manganese concentrations in ochreous mine waters. This paper discusses the results of in-river monitoring and provides evidence for manganese removal downstream of the discharge point. In addition to dilution, attenuation appears to be in the order of 20 to 50%, depending on relative rates of mine water discharge and river flows. Such attenuation means that active treatment may not be needed for the long-term operation of the Whittle scheme. Operation of the scheme commenced in July 2002, with monitoring to further examine evidence for manganese attenuation and any impact on the ecology of the recipient watercourses.
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Sanders, F., Rahe, J., Pastor, D., & Anderson, R. (1999). Wetlands treat mine runoff. Civil Engineering, 69(1), 53–55.
Abstract: In the late 1890s, silver, lead and zinc deposits were discovered along the headwaters of the Blackfoot River, northeast of Missoula, Mont. Settlers began mining the metals in earnest, and eventually the mines became known as the Upper Blackfoot Mining Complex (UBMC). Many of the mines were operated long enough to supply metals for World War II weaponry, but after the war the mines were abandoned, and by the 1960s, their orange-tainted runoff began to concern both passersby and state officials. In 1991, the state contacted the current owners of several of those mines-including the Mike Horse and the Anaconda-to negotiate a voluntary cleanup. The American Smelting and Refining Co. (ASARCO) and the Atlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) agreed to remediate the sites' metal-enriched, moderately to severely acidic drainage, which was discharging into the upper Blackfoot River. As part of effort to reclaim the Mike Horse and Anaconda mines, engineers with McCulley, Frick and Gilman Inc. (MFG), Boulder, Colo., developed an integrated, passive wetland treatment system that will take several years to reach full treatment capacity in the high-elevation environment, but will last for decades. (Constructed and restored wetlands have also been part of the remediation of other UBMC mines, such as the Carbonate and Paymaster mines.) The Mike Horse and Anaconda system, designed to meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems (NPDES) restrictions, concentrates primarily on zinc and iron and, to a lesser extent, on copper, lead and other metals.
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Jones, D. R., & Chapman, B. M. (1995). Wetlands to treat AMD – facts and fallacies. Wetlands zur Sanierung saurer Grubenwässer – Fakten und Irrtümer. In Second Australian Acid Mine Drainage Workshop, Charters Towers, AU, 28 31 March 1995 (pp. 127–145).
Abstract: Nach einer Definition der Wetlands wird ihre zunehmende Bedeutung als kostengünstige, ästhetische und nahezu wartungslose Alternative zur chemischen Aufbereitung saurer und schwermetallbelasteter Grubenwässer erläutert. Es werden die physikalischen Voraussetzungen behandelt und unter Bezugnahme auf ein umfangreiches Schrifttum die chemischen und mikrobiologischen Prozesse, die in Wetlands ablaufen, tabellarisch aufgelistet und detailliert unter Angabe der möglichen Reaktionen erläutert. Anschließend werden der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise der einzelnen Komponenten eines Wetlandsystems vorgestellt und die unterschiedlichen Typen der möglichen Ausführungsvarianten erläutert, was durch bildliche Darstellungen illustriert wird. Es wird ein Überblick zur Anwendung von Wetlands in Australien vermittelt. Die bei diesen Anwendungsfällen erzielten Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. Es werden Hinweise zur Planung sowie zur Anordnung der Wetlands gegeben, die auch grobe Kostenabschätzungen enthalten.
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O'Sullivan, A. D., McCabe, O. M., Murray, D. A., & Otte, M. L. (1999). Wetlands for rehabilitation of metal mine wastes. Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 99b(1), 11–17.
Abstract: Aspects of research work undertaken by the Wetland Ecology Research Group at University College Dublin are summarised here. Wastes from mining activities generally contain high concentrations of heavy metals and other toxic substances. Reclamation methods to treat these wastes include the use of wetlands, for revegetation of mine tailings under flooded conditions and for the treatment of tailings water. Both natural and constructed wetlands are frequently employed for the treatment of mine wastes. Through a complex array of plant, soil and microbial interactions contaminants, such as heavy metals and sulphates, can be successfully removed from wastewater. Suitable vegetation can stabilise the tailings sediment, thereby preventing it from being dust-blown or leached into the surrounding environment. Our research suggests that these two techniques for treatment of mine wastes are successful and economically viable.
Keywords: mine water treatment
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