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Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
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An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Appl. Geochem. |
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21 |
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12 |
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2188-2200 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
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Abstract |
Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
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0883-2927 |
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Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
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44 |
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Author |
Märten, H. |
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Title |
Neueste Trends zur aktiven Wasserbehandlung und Anwendungsbeispiele |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen |
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31 |
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13-22 |
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Wasserbehandlung AMD Acidic Mine Drainage In-situ-Laugung ISL Tagebaurestsee |
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Aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der aktiven Wasserbehandlung im Bergbau in den spezifischen Anwendungsgebieten • Behandlung von sauren Bergbauwässern (AMD – acidic mine drainage) mit Schwerpunkt HDS-Technologie (HDS – high-density sludge) • In-situ-Behandlung bergbaubeeinflusster Grundwasserkörper, insbesondere nach Anwendung der In-situ-Laugung (ISL) • In-situ-Behandlung von Tagebaurestseen mit Schwerpunkt In-lake-Verfahren werden hinsichtlich Machbarkeit, technologischer Kenngrößen und Effizienz bewertet und kommen-tiert. Recent developments in the field of active water treatment technologies in the mining sector are re-viewed. Application areas of interest include • Treatment of acidic mine drainage (AMD) emphasizing HDS technology (HDS – high-density sludge) • In-situ treatment of groundwater affected by mining, in particular after the application of in-situ leaching (ISL) • In-situ treatment of lakes arising in former open-pit lignite mines, in particular the application of in-lake methods The various applications are evaluated with regard to feasibility, technical characteristics and treat-ment efficiency. |
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1433-1284 |
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Neueste Trends zur aktiven Wasserbehandlung und Anwendungsbeispiele; 1; FG 'aha' 5 Abb.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17386 |
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308 |
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World first: Full-scale BioSure plant commissioned |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Water Wheel |
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5 |
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3 |
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19-21 |
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Waste Management and Pollution Policy geographical abstracts: human geography environmental planning (70 11 5) wastewater waste facility mine waste gold mine sewage treatment |
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ERWAT's Ancor Wastewater Treatment Works on the Far East Rand commissioned a 10 Ml/day full-scale plant to treat toxic mine-water from the Grootvlei gold mine using primary sewage sludge. The R15-million plant is treating sulphate rich acid mine drainage using the Rhodes BioSURE Process. First, the pumped mine-water is treated at a high-density separation (HDS) plant to remove iron and condition pH levels. Then it is pumped two km via a newly-constructed 10 Ml capacity pipeline to the Ancor works. This mine-water is then mixed together with primary sewage sludge in a mixing tank from where a splitter box directs the material to eight biological sulphate reducing reactors or bioreactors. The overflow water which is rich in sulphide is pumped through the main pump station to another mixing box. Here, iron slurry is mixed with the material before it is again divided between four reactor clarifiers for sulphide removal. The overflow water, now containing reduced sulphate levels and virtually no sulphide is pumped to Ancor's biofilters for removal of remaining Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia following the conventional sewage treatment process for eventual release into the Blesbokspruit. |
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0258-2244 |
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Trade-; World first: Full-scale BioSure plant commissioned; 2865725; South-Africa; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17495 |
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494 |
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