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Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
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An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Appl. Geochem. |
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21 |
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12 |
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2188-2200 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
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Abstract |
Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
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0883-2927 |
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Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
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44 |
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Gale, J.E.; MacLeod, R.; Bursey, G. |
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The role of hydrogeology in developing effective mine water control programs in fractured porous rocks Resources development and Earth science; environmental and economic issues (Abstract) |
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1999 |
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Atlantic Geology |
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172 |
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anisotropy; bedrock; controls; fractured materials; fractures; geometry; ground water; heterogeneity; mine dewatering; mines; mining; mining geology; numerical models; permeability; porous materials; remediation; three-dimensional models; underground mining; velocity 21, Hydrogeology |
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Pickerill, R.K.; Barr, S.M.; Williams, G.L. |
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The role of hydrogeology in developing effective mine water control programs in fractured porous rocks Resources development and Earth science; environmental and economic issues (Abstract); GeoRef; English; 2000-073328; Geological Association of Canada, 1999 annual technical meeting, Newfoundland Section, Saint Johns, NL, Canada, Feb. 22-23, 1999 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5958 |
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69 |
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Smyth, D.J.A.; Blowes, D.W.; Benner, S.G.; Hulshof, A.M.; Nelson, J.D. |
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In situ treatment of groundwater impacted by acid mine drainage using permeable reactive materials |
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2001 |
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Proceedings of the Eighth international conference on Tailings and mine waste '01 |
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313-322 |
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acid mine drainage; environmental management; ground water; in situ; permeability; pollution; reclamation; sulfate ion; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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9058091821 |
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In situ treatment of groundwater impacted by acid mine drainage using permeable reactive materials; GeoRef; English; 2003-003552; Tailings and mine waste '01, Fort Collins, CO, United States, Jan. 16-19, 2001 References: 19; illus. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5770 |
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236 |
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Kuyucak, N. |
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Acid mining drainage prevention and control |
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2001 |
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Mining Environmental Management |
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9 |
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1 |
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12-15 |
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acid mine drainage; bacteria; biodegradation; chemical properties; controls; disposal barriers; dissolved materials; geomembranes; heavy metals; hydrolysis; leaching; migration of elements; moisture; oxidation; permeability; pollution; ponds; preventive measures; reclamation; retention; risk assessment; sulfate ion; sulfides; synthetic materials; tailings; toxic materials; underground installations; underground storage; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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0969-4218 |
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Acid mining drainage prevention and control; 2001-050583; References: 21; illus. incl. 1 table United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5741 |
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323 |
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Bienvenu, L. |
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Activites de recherche du ministere des Ressources naturelles du Quebec sur le drainage minier acide; activites realisees dans le cadre de l'Entente auxiliaire Canada-Quebec 1992-1998 sur le developpement mineral; rapport 1993-1994. Research activities of Quebec Natural Resources Ministry on acid mine drainage; research related to the Canada-Quebec agreement 1992-1998 on mineral development; report 1993-1994 |
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RPT |
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1994 |
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acid mine drainage; annual report; Canada; cost; Doyon Mine; Eastern Canada; methods; mining; mining geology; models; monitoring; organic compounds; organic materials; oxidation; permeability; pollution; programs; pyrite; Quebec; remediation; report; resins; sulfides; waste disposal; waste management; Weedon Mine 22, Environmental geology |
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Activites de recherche du ministere des Ressources naturelles du Quebec sur le drainage minier acide; activites realisees dans le cadre de l'Entente auxiliaire Canada-Quebec 1992-1998 sur le developpement mineral; rapport 1993-1994. Research activities of Quebec Natural Resources Ministry on acid mine drainage; research related to the Canada-Quebec agreement 1992-1998 on mineral development; report 1993-1994; 1995-039993; GeoRef; French; 18 tables Ministere des Ressources Naturelles, Charlesbourg, PQ, Canada |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6520 |
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448 |
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