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King, T. V. V. (1995). Environmental considerations of active and abandoned mine lands: lessons from Summitville, Colorado. US Geological Survey Bulletin, 2220(38).
Abstract: Extreme acid-rock drainage is the dominant long-term environmental concern at the Summitville mine and could have been predicted given the geological characteristics of the deposit. Extensive remedial efforts are required to isolate both unweathered sulfides and soluble metal salts in the open-pit area and mine-waste piles from weathering and dissolution. Results of studies as of late 1993 indicate that mining at Summitville has had no discernible short-term adverse effects on barley or alfalfa crops irrigated with Alamosa River water. Remediation of the site will help to ensure that no adverse effects occur over the longer term. -from Editor
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Gusek, J. J. (1995). Passive-treatment of acid rock drainage: what is the potential bottom line? Min. Eng., 47(3), 250–253.
Abstract: Passive-treatment systems that mitigate acid-rock drainage from coal mines have been operating since the mid-1980s. Large systems at metal mines are being contemplated. A typical man-made passive-treatment-system can mimic a natural wetland by employing the same geochemical principles. Passive-treatment systems, however, are engineered to optimize the biogeochemical processes occurring in a natural wetland ecosystem. The passive-treatment methodology holds promise over chemical neutralization because large volumes of sludge are not generated. Metals may be precipitated as oxides, sulfides or carbonates in the passive-treatment system substrate. The key goal of a passive-treatment system is the long-term immobilization of metals in the substrate materials. The passive-treatment technique may not be applicable in all mine-drainage situations. -from Author
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(1995). Selecting Mine Drainage Treatment Systems. E&Mj-Engineering and Mining Journal, 196(10), Rr24–&.
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Anonymous. (1995). Selecting Mine Drainage Treatment Systems – The USBM's multistep selection method. The engineering and mining journal, 196(10), 24rr.
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Arnekleiv, J. V. (1995). Downstream Effects Of Mine Drainage On Benthos And Fish In A Norwegian River – A Comparison Of The Situation Before And After River Rehabilitation. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 52(1-2), 35–43.
Abstract: Parts of the Norwegian river Gaula are strongly polluted from former mining activity in the area. In the most polluted parts of the river the concentration levels of Cu and Zn in 1986-1987 were up to 155 mug l-1 and 186 mug l-1, respectively. In 1989 the spoil heaps in the mining area were covered with protective layers of moss-covered plastic. In 1991-1992 the concentration levels of Cu and Zn had decreased by 75% and 65%, respectively. Animal life in the polluted area seemed to be strongly affected by the trace metals in 1986-1987. The 1991-1992 results showed a marked increase in the number of species and in the number of individuals of each species of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, compared with the results from 1986-87. Good correlations were found between the concentrations of Cu in the water and both the number of species and the number of individuals of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Analysis of the species Baetis rhodani, Diura nanseni and Rhyacophila nubila showed an average total dry weight content of Cu up to 264 mug g-1, of Zn up to 1930 mug g-1 and of Cd up to 16 mug g-1. The contents of the three trace metals were significantly different from one species to another and in part between the stations for each species. In 1987 trout died after an exposure of one to two days on three test sites in the river, whereas in 1991-1992 40-75% of the trout survived an exposure period of several weeks at two of the sites. Electrofishing in 1991-1992 indicated recolonization of trout in the lower parts of the former affected and uninhabitable area.
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