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Author |
Kuyucak, N. |
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Title |
Acid mine drainage prevention and control options |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
CIM Bull. |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
1060 |
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96-102 |
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Keywords |
acid mine drainage prevention tailings environment waste sulphides Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive Surface water quality Waste Management and Pollution Policy tailings sulfide mining industry waste management |
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Abstract |
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. It occurs as a result of natural oxidation of sulphide minerals contained in mining wastes at operating and closed/decommissioned mine sites. AMD may adversely impact the surface water and groundwater quality and land use due to its typical low pH, high acidity and elevated concentrations of metals and sulphate content. Once it develops at a mine, its control can be difficult and expensive. If generation of AMD cannot be prevented, it must be collected and treated. Treatment of AMD usually costs more than control of AMD and may be required for many years after mining activities have ceased. Therefore, application of appropriate control methods to the site at the early stage of the mining would be beneficial. Although prevention of AMD is the most desirable option, a cost-effective prevention method is not yet available. The most effective method of control is to minimize penetration of air and water through the waste pile using a cover, either wet (water) or dry (soil), which is placed over the waste pile. Despite their high cost, these covers cannot always completely stop the oxidation process and generation of AMD. Application of more than one option might be required. Early diagnosis of the problem, identification of appropriate prevention/control measures and implementation of these methods to the site would reduce the potential risk of AMD generation. AMD prevention/control measures broadly include use of covers, control of the source, migration of AMD, and treatment. This paper provides an overview of AMD prevention and control options applicable for developing, operating and decommissioned mines. |
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Dr. N. Kuyucak, Golder Associates Ltd., Ottawa, Ont., Canada |
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0317-0926 |
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Acid mine drainage prevention and control options; 2419232; Canada 38; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17532 |
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64 |
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Author |
Burgess, J.E.; Stuetz, R.M. |
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Title |
Activated Sludge for the Treatment of Sulphur-rich Wastewaters |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Miner. Eng. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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15 |
Issue |
11 |
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839-846 |
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acid rock drainage biooxidation biotechnology environmental waste processing acid-mine drainage sulfate-reducing bacteria biological treatment waste-water metals acclimation remediation oxidation reduction removal |
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The aim of this investigation was to assess the potential of activated sludge for the remediation of sulphur-rich wastewaters. A pilot-scale activated sludge plant was acclimatised to a low load of sulphide and operated as a flow-through unit. Additional sludge samples from different full-scale plants were compared with the acclimatised and unacclimatised sludges using batch absorption tests. The effects of sludge source and acclimatisation on the ability of the sludge to biodegrade high loads of sulphide were evaluated. Acclimatisation to low-sulphide concentrations enabled the sludge to degrade subsequent high loads which were toxic to unacclimatised sludge. Acclimatisation was seen to be an effect of selection pressure on the biomass, suggesting that the treatment capability of activated sludge will develop after acclimation, indicating potential for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) by a standard wastewater treatment process. Existing options for biological treatment of AMD are described and the potential of activated sludge treatment for AMD discussed in comparison with existing technologies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. |
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0892-6875 |
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Nov.; Activated Sludge for the Treatment of Sulphur-rich Wastewaters; Isi:000179970500009; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10093.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 10093 |
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40 |
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Demin, O.A.; Dudeney, A.W.L.; Tarasova, I.I. |
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Title |
Remediation of Ammonia-rich Minewater in Constructed Wetlands |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Environ. Technol. |
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23 |
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5 |
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497-514 |
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constructed wetlands reed beds ammonia removal nitrification woolley colliery horizontal subsurface flow nitrate removal waste-water denitrification nitrification |
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A three-year study of ammonia removal from minewater was carried out employing constructed wetland systems (surface flow wetland and subsurface flow wetland cells) at the former Woolley Mine in West Yorkshire, UK The 1.4 Ha surface flow wetland (constructed in 1995) reduced the ammonia concentration from 3.5 – 4.5 mg l(-1) to < 2 3 mg V during the first half of the study and to essentially zero in the last year (2000 – 2001). About 25 % of contained ammonia was converted to nitrate, about 10 % was consumed by the plants and up to 30 % was converted to nitrogen gas. This maturation effect was attributed to increased depth of sludge from sedimentation of ochre, providing increased surface area for immobilisation of ammonia oxidising bacteria. The surface flow wetland finally removed 23 g m(-2) day(-1) ammonia in comparison with 3.8 g m(-2) day' for the subsurface flow (pea gravel) wetland cells, constructed for the present work and dosed with ammonium salts. Removal of ammonia by both systems was consistent with well-established mechanisms of nitrification and denitrification. It was also consistent with ammonia removal in wastewater wetland systems, although the greater aeration in the minewater systems obviated the need for special aeration cycles. The general role of wetland plants in such aerated conditions was attributed to maintaining hydraulic conditions (such as hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic resistance of substratum in subsurface flow systems) in the wetlands and providing a suspended solids filter for minewater. |
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0959-3330 |
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Remediation of Ammonia-rich Minewater in Constructed Wetlands; Isi:000176238900002; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17328 |
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405 |
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Simmons, J.; Ziemkiewicz, P.; Black, D.C. |
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Title |
Use of Steel Slag Leach Beds for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Mine Water Env. |
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21 |
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2 |
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91-99 |
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acid mine drainage Beaver Creek check dam leach beds leaching metal sequestration mine water leaching procedure open limestone channel steel slag West Virginia |
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Steel slag from the Waylite steel-making plant in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania was leached with acidic mine drainage (AMD) of a known quality using an established laboratory procedure. Leaching continued for 60 cycles and leachates were collected after each cycle. Results indicated that the slag was very effective at neutralizing acidity. The AMD/slag leachates contained higher average concentrations of Ba, V, Mn, Cr, As, Ag, and Se and lower average concentrations of Sb, Fe, Zn, Be, Cd, Tl, Ni, Al, Cu, and Pb than the untreated AMD. Based on these tests, slag leach beds were constructed at the abandoned McCarty mine site in Preston County, West Virginia. The leach beds were constructed as slag check dams below limestone-lined settling basins. Acid water was captured in limestone channels and directed into basins to leach through the slag dams and discharge into a tributary of Beaver Creek. Since installation in October 2000, the system has been consistently producing net alkaline, pH 9 water. The treated water is still net alkaline and has a neutral pH after it encounters several other acidic seeps downstream. |
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1025-9112 |
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Use of Steel Slag Leach Beds for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage; 1; FG 20 Abb., 4 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17421 |
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249 |
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Chalaturnyk, R.J.; Scott, J.D.; Ozum, B. |
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Title |
Management of Oil Sands Tailings |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Pet. Sci. Technol. |
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20 |
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9-10 |
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1025-1046 |
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mine water |
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In Alberta, oil sands bitumen is utilized for synthetic crude oil (SCO) production by surface mining, bitumen extraction followed by primary (coking) and secondary (catalytic hydro-treating) upgrading processes. SCO is further refined in specially designed or slightly modified conventional refineries into transportation fuels. Oil sands tailings, composed of water, sands, silt, clay and residual bitumen, is produced as a byproduct of the bitumen extraction process. The tailings have poor consolidation and Water release characteristics. For twenty years, significant research has been performed to improve the consolidation and water release characteristics of the tailings. Several processes were developed for the management of oil sands tailings, resulting in different recovered water characteristics, consolidation rates and consolidated solid characteristics. These processes may affect the performance of the overall plant operations. Apex Engineering Inc. (AEI) has been developing a process for, thesame purpose. In this process oil sands tailings are treated with Ca(OH)(2) lime and CO2 and thickened using a suitable thickener. The combination of chemical treatment and the use of a thickener results in the release of process water in short retention times without accumulation of any ions in the recovered water. This makes it possible to recycle the recovered water, probably after a chemical treatment, as warm as possible, which improves the thermal efficiency of the extraction process. The AEI Process can be applied in many different fashions for the management of different fractions of the tailings effluent, depending on the overall plant operating priorities. |
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1091-6466 |
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Management of Oil Sands Tailings; Isi:000179750000010; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17320 |
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420 |
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