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Ziemkiewicz, P. F., Skousen, J. G., Brant, D. L., Sterner, P. L., Lovett, R. J., Skousen, J. G., et al. (1996). Acid mine drainage treatment with armored limestone in open limestone channels. In Acid mine drainage control and treatment. Morgantown: West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center.
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Younger, P. L., & Cornford, C. (2002). Mine water pollution from Kernow to Kwazulu-Natal; geochemical remedial options and their selection in practice.
Abstract: Pollution by mine drainage is a major problem in many parts of the world. The most frequent contaminants are Fe, Mn, Al and SO (sub 4) with locally important contributions by other metals/metalloids including (in order of decreasing frequency) Zn, Cu, As, Ni, Cd and Pb. Remedial options for such polluted drainage include monitored natural attenuation, physical intervention to minimise pollutant release, and active and passive water treatment technologies. Based on the assessment of the key hydrological and geochemical attributes of mine water discharges, a rational decision-making framework has now been developed for deciding which (or which combinations) of these options to implement in a specific case. Five case studies illustrate the application of this decision-making process in practice: Wheal Jane and South Crofty (Cornwall), Quaking Houses (Co Durham), Hlobane Colliery (South Africa) and Milluni Tin Mine (Bolivia). In many cases, particularly where the socio-environmental stakes are particularly high, the economic, political and ecological issues will prove even more challenging than the technical difficulties involved in implementing remedial interventions which will be robust in the long term. Hence truly “holistic” mine water remediation is a multi-dimensional business, involving teamwork by a range of geoscientific, hydroecological and socio-economic specialists.
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Wildeman, T. R., Bednar, A. J., Gusek, J. J., & Pinto, A. (2002). A review of the passive treatment of arsenic Hardrock mining 2002; issues shaping the industry..
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Swoboda-Colberg, N., Colberg, P., & Smith, J. L. (1994). Constructed vertical flow aerated wetlands.
Abstract: In the report, wetland technology is described in which the main reactive layer is limestone gravel (rather than organic material) which is overlain by a fine gravel filter and soil. The three-year project included laboratory and field studies. Vertical aerated wetlands, simulated by columns, constructed in the field and in the laboratory, were operated during the project. The report presents a summary of results given in previous reports and summaries of results obtained using water from Butte, MT, and field studies at the Rockford Tunnel, near Idaho Springs, CO.
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Marquardt, K. (1987). Muelldeponie-Sickerabwasseraufbereitung unter Anwendung der Membrantechnik. Waste disposal-seepage waters processing by use of the membrane technique Zeitgemaesse Deponietechnik. In Stuttgarter Berichte zur Abfallwirtschaft, vol.24 (pp. 187–234).
Abstract: Seepage waters from waste disposal sites are highly polluted waste waters. Waste water treatment methods such as flocculation, sedimentation, or biological treatment being usual up to now are no longer adequate to purify these waters. That is why this article investigates modern techniques such as ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis, vaporization, stripping. The following combination has proved to be effective: membrane method (two-stage reverse osmosis with tubular and package modul) for pre- and reprocessing, vaporization for solidifying the solvents, stripping in order to extract volatile matter. Methodology, usability and results are introduced and illustrated here in detail.
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