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Cravotta, C.A., III; Trahan, M.K. |
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Title |
Limestone drains to increase pH and remove dissolved metals from acidic mine drainage |
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Year |
1999 |
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Appl. Geochem. |
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14 |
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5 |
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581-606 |
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manganese oxide redox processes sulfate waters iron-oxides adsorption ions oxidation surfaces environments aluminum |
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Abstract |
Despite encrustation by Fe and Al hydroxides, limestone can be effective for remediation of acidic mine drainage (AMD). Samples of water and limestone (CaCO3) were collected periodically for 1 a at 3 identical limestone-filled drains in Pennsylvania to evaluate the attenuation of dissolved metals and the effects of pH and Fe- and Al-hydrolysis products on the rate of CaCO3 dissolution. The influent was acidic and relatively dilute (pH < 4; acidity < 90 mg) but contained 1-4 mg . L-1 of O-2, Fe3+, Al3+ and Mn2+. The total retention time in the oxic limestone drains (OLDs) ranged from 1.0 to 3.1 hr. Effluent remained oxic (O-2 > 1 mg . L-1) but was near neutral (pH = 6.2-7.0); Fe and Al decreased to less than 5% of influent concentrations. As pH increased near the inflow, hydrous Fe and Al oxides precipitated in the OLDs, The hydrous oxides, nominally Fe(OH)(3) and Al(OH)(3), were visible as loosely bound, orange-yellow coatings on limestone near the inflow. As time elapsed, Fe(OH)(3) and Al(OH)(3) particles were transported downflow. The accumulation of hydrous oxides and elevated pH (> 5) in the downflow part of the OLDs promoted sorption and coprecipitation of dissolved Mn, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn as indicated by decreased concentrations of the metals in effluent and their enrichment relative to Fe in hydrous-oxide particles and coatings on limestone. Despite thick (similar to 1 mm) hydrous-oxide coatings on limestone near the inflow, CaCO3 dissolution was more rapid near the inflow than at downflow points within and the OLD where the limestone was not coated. The high rates of CaCO3 dissolution and Fe(OH3) precipitation were associated with the relatively low pH and high Fe3+ concentration near the inflow. The rate of CaCO3 dissolution decreased with increased pH and concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3- and decreased Pco(2). Because overall efficiency is increased by combining neutralization and hydrolysis reactions, an OLD followed by a settling pond requires less land area than needed for a two-stagetreatment system consisting of an anoxic limestone drain and oxidation-settling pond or wetland. To facilitate removal of hydrous-oxide sludge, a perforated-pipe subdrain can be installed within an OLD. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. |
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0883-2927 |
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Jul; Limestone drains to increase pH and remove dissolved metals from acidic mine drainage; Isi:000080043300004; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10102.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17470 |
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22 |
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Laine, D.M. |
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1999 |
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581-584 |
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hydrogeology mining water treatment quality hydroxide flow pumping hydrochemistry sedimentation wetland |
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International Mine Water Association |
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Fernández Rubio, R. |
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Mine, Water & Environment |
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Remediation of the Old Meadows Gravity Minewater Discharge; 1; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; FG 'de' 5 Abb., 1 Tab. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9757 |
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320 |
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Nairn, R.W.; Griffin, B.C.; Strong, J.D.; Hatley, E.L. |
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Remediation challenges and opportunities at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma |
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2001 |
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Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, vol.18 |
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579-584 |
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abandoned mines acid mine drainage collapse structures constructed wetlands environmental analysis geologic hazards ground water human ecology Kansas land subsidence lead metals mines Missouri Oklahoma pollution reclamation remediation springs Superfund sites surface water Tar Creek Superfund Site United States water resources wetlands zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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The Tar Creek Superfund Site is a portion of the abandoned lead and zinc mining area known as the Tri-State Mining District (OK, KS and MO) and includes over 100 square kilometers of disturbed land surface and contaminated water resources in extreme northeastern Oklahoma. Underground mining from the 1890s through the 1960s degraded over 1000 surface hectares, and left nearly 50 km of tunnels, 165 million tons of processed mine waste materials (chat), 300 hectares of tailings impoundments and over 2600 open shafts and boreholes. Approximately 94 million cubic meters of contaminated water currently exist in underground voids. In 1979, metal-rich waters began to discharge into surface waters from natural springs, bore holes and mine shafts. Six communities are located within the boundaries of the Superfund site. Approximately 70% of the site is Native American owned. Subsidence and surface collapse hazards are of significant concern. The Tar Creek site was listed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983 and currently receives a Hazard Ranking System score of 58.15, making Tar Creek the nation's number one NPL site. A 1993 Indian Health Service study demonstrated that 35% of children had blood lead levels above thresholds dangerous to human health. Recent remediation efforts have focused on excavation and replacement of contaminated residential areas. In January 2000, Governor Frank Keating's Tar Creek Task Force was created to take a “vital leadership role in identifying solutions and resources available to address” the myriad environmental problems. The principle final recommendation was the creation of a massive wetland and wildlife refuge to ecologically address health, safety, environmental, and aesthetic concerns. Additional interim measures included continuing the Task Force and subcommittees; study of mine drainage discharge and chat quality; construction of pilot treatment wetlands; mine shaft plugging; investigations of bioaccumulation issues; establishment of an authority to market and export chat, a local steering committee, and a GIS committee; and development of effective federal, state, tribal, and local partnerships. |
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Vincent, R.; Burger, J.A.; Marino, G.G.; Olyphant, G.A.; Wessman, S.C.; Darmody, R.G.; Richmond, T.C.; Bengson, S.A.; Nawrot, J.R. |
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Remediation challenges and opportunities at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma; GeoRef; English; 2002-036287; 18th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation; Land reclamation, a different approach, Albuquerque, NM, United States, June 3-7, 2001 References: 20; illus. incl. 1 table |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16526 |
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290 |
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Davison, W. |
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Neutralizing Strategies For Acid Waters – Sodium And Calcium Products Generate Different Acid Neutralizing Capacities |
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1988 |
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Water Res |
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22 |
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5 |
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577-583 |
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mine water treatment |
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Neutralizing Strategies For Acid Waters – Sodium And Calcium Products Generate Different Acid Neutralizing Capacities; Wos:A1988p420900008; Times Cited: 8; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9085 |
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90 |
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Author |
Ordónez, A.; Loredo, J.; Pendás, F. |
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1999 |
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575-580 |
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hydrogeology mining water acid mine drainage treatment SAPS successive alkalinity producing system ALD anoxic limestone drainage |
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International Mine Water Association |
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Fernández Rubio, R. |
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Mine, Water & Environment |
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A Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) as operational Unit in a Hybrid Passive Treatment System for Acid Mine Drainage; 1; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; FG 'de' 5 Abb., 4 Tab. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9836 |
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277 |
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