Abstract: An array of techniques have been developed during the last several decades to abate or control pollution by acid mine drainage (AMD) from coal and metal mines. Although most of these techniques are successful in eliminating or decreasing the deleterious effects of AMD in some situations, they are unsuccessful in others. Due to the inherent variability between mines and environmental conditions, no one abatement or treatment technique is effective on all sites, and selection of the best method on each site is difficult given the array of methods available. The techniques also vary in the type and size of problem they are capable of handling. Their individual costs, effectiveness, and maintenance are also important considerations. Therefore, accurate information is needed to understand the limitations of the various methods and their response to various site variables. Continued research is imperative for field testing of existing technologies, as well as continued development of new technologies. At present, there is no authoritative guide or manual to assist in evaluating the best technique for a given situation. In order to continue to mine coal and other minerals without harming the environment, the best science and techniques must be identified and implemented in order to minimize the production of AMD. To accomplish this goal, the Acid Mine Drainage Technology Initiative (ADTI) was organized to promote communication among scientists and engineers dealing with AMD, and to develop a consensus on the identification and optimum usage of each method. The intent is to provide information on selection of appropriate techniques for specific problems that will ultimately lead to a higher level of success in avoidance of AMD and remediation of existing sources, at a savings in cost and staff time, and with greater assurance that a planned technique will accomplish its objective. This effort will result in enhancement of mine drainage quality, improvement in stream cleanup and its cost effectiveness, and development of a mechanism for technology transfer.

Abstract: An experimental diversion of acid mine drainage was set up near an abandoned mine in Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado. A mass-balance approach using natural tracers was used to estimate flows into Saint Kevin Gulch. The diversion system collected about 85 percent of the mine water during its first year of operation (1994). In the first 2 months after the diversion, benthic algae in an experimental reach (stream reach around which mine drainage was diverted) became more abundant as water quality improved (increase in pH, decrease in zinc concentrations) and substrate quality changed (decrease in rate of metal hydroxide deposition). Further increases in pH to levels above 4.6, however, led to lower algal biomass in subsequent years (1995-97). An increase in deposition of aluminum precipitates at pH greater than 4.6 may account for the suppression of algal biomass. The pH in the experimental reach was lower in 1998 and algal biomass increased. Mine drainage presents a complex, interactive set of stresses on stream ecosystems. These interactions need to be considered in remediation goals and plans.