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Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
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Title |
An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Appl. Geochem. |
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21 |
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12 |
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2188-2200 |
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Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
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Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
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0883-2927 |
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Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
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44 |
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Ye, Z.H.; Whiting, S.N.; Qian, J.H.; Lytle, C.M.; Lin, Z.Q.; Terry, N. |
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Title |
Trace element removal from coal ash leachate by a 10-year-old constructed wetland |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
J. Environ. Qual. |
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30 |
Issue |
5 |
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1710-1719 |
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acid mine drainage; Alabama; ash; bioaccumulation; boron; cadmium; constructed wetlands; environmental analysis; environmental effects; iron; Jackson County Alabama; Juncus effusus; leachate; manganese; metals; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; soils; sulfur; trace elements; Typha latifolia; United States; vegetation; waste water; wetlands; Widows Creek; Widows Creek Steam Plant; zinc; Typha; Juncus 22, Environmental geology |
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This study investigated the ability of a 10-yr-old constructed wetland to treat metal-contaminated leachate emanating from a coal ash pile at the Widows Creek electric utility, Alabama (USA). The two vegetated cells, which were dominated by cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus L.), were very effective at removing Fe and Cd from the wastewater, but less efficient for Zn, S, B, and Mn. The concentrations were decreased by up to 99% for Fe, 91% for Cd, 63% for Zn, 61% for S, 58% for Mn, and 50% for B. Higher pH levels (>6) in standing water substantially improved the removing efficiency of the wetland for Mn only. The belowground tissues of both cattail and soft rush had high concentrations of all elements; only for Mn, however, did the concentration in the shoots exceed those in the belowground tissues. The concentrations of trace elements in fallen litter were higher than in the living shoots, but lower than in the belowground tissues. ne trace element accumulation in the plants accounted for less than 2.5% of the annual loading of each trace element into the wetland. The sediments were the primary sinks for the elements removed from the wastewater. Except for Mn, the concentrations of trace elements in the upper layer (0-5 cm) of the sediment profile tended to be higher than the lower layers (5-10 and 10-15 cm). We conclude that constructed wetlands are still able to efficiently remove metals in the long term (i.e., >10 yr after construction). |
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0047-2425 |
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Aug 1; Trace element removal from coal ash leachate by a 10-year-old constructed wetland; 2002-017274; References: 33; illus. incl. 2 tables United States (USA); file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/5703.pdf; GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5703 |
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76 |
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Nairn, R.W.; Griffin, B.C.; Strong, J.D.; Hatley, E.L. |
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Remediation challenges and opportunities at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma |
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Book Chapter |
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2001 |
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Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, vol.18 |
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579-584 |
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abandoned mines acid mine drainage collapse structures constructed wetlands environmental analysis geologic hazards ground water human ecology Kansas land subsidence lead metals mines Missouri Oklahoma pollution reclamation remediation springs Superfund sites surface water Tar Creek Superfund Site United States water resources wetlands zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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The Tar Creek Superfund Site is a portion of the abandoned lead and zinc mining area known as the Tri-State Mining District (OK, KS and MO) and includes over 100 square kilometers of disturbed land surface and contaminated water resources in extreme northeastern Oklahoma. Underground mining from the 1890s through the 1960s degraded over 1000 surface hectares, and left nearly 50 km of tunnels, 165 million tons of processed mine waste materials (chat), 300 hectares of tailings impoundments and over 2600 open shafts and boreholes. Approximately 94 million cubic meters of contaminated water currently exist in underground voids. In 1979, metal-rich waters began to discharge into surface waters from natural springs, bore holes and mine shafts. Six communities are located within the boundaries of the Superfund site. Approximately 70% of the site is Native American owned. Subsidence and surface collapse hazards are of significant concern. The Tar Creek site was listed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983 and currently receives a Hazard Ranking System score of 58.15, making Tar Creek the nation's number one NPL site. A 1993 Indian Health Service study demonstrated that 35% of children had blood lead levels above thresholds dangerous to human health. Recent remediation efforts have focused on excavation and replacement of contaminated residential areas. In January 2000, Governor Frank Keating's Tar Creek Task Force was created to take a “vital leadership role in identifying solutions and resources available to address” the myriad environmental problems. The principle final recommendation was the creation of a massive wetland and wildlife refuge to ecologically address health, safety, environmental, and aesthetic concerns. Additional interim measures included continuing the Task Force and subcommittees; study of mine drainage discharge and chat quality; construction of pilot treatment wetlands; mine shaft plugging; investigations of bioaccumulation issues; establishment of an authority to market and export chat, a local steering committee, and a GIS committee; and development of effective federal, state, tribal, and local partnerships. |
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Vincent, R.; Burger, J.A.; Marino, G.G.; Olyphant, G.A.; Wessman, S.C.; Darmody, R.G.; Richmond, T.C.; Bengson, S.A.; Nawrot, J.R. |
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Remediation challenges and opportunities at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma; GeoRef; English; 2002-036287; 18th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation; Land reclamation, a different approach, Albuquerque, NM, United States, June 3-7, 2001 References: 20; illus. incl. 1 table |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16526 |
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290 |
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Boonstra, J.; van Lier, R.; Janssen, G.; Dijkman, H.; Buisman, C.J.N. |
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Title |
Biological treatment of acid mine drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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1999 |
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Process Metallurgy, vol.9, Part B |
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559-567 |
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acid mine drainage adsorption alkaline earth metals arsenic Bingham Canyon Mine bioremediation Budelco Zinc Refinery cadmium copper Cornwall England England Europe Great Britain heavy metals iron magnesium manganese metals Netherlands pH phase equilibria pollution remediation sulfate ion United Kingdom United States Utah Western Europe Wheal Jane Mine zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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Amils, R.; Ballester, A. |
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Biohydrometallurgy and the environment toward the mining of the 21st century; proceedings of the International biohydrometallurgy symposium IBS'99, Part B, Molecular biology, biosorption, bioremediation |
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0444501932 |
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Biological treatment of acid mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 2000-049809; International biohydrometallurgy symposium IBS'99, Madrid, Spain, June 20-23, 1999 References: 11; illus. incl. 5 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16595 |
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442 |
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Erten-Unal, M.; Wixson, B.G. |
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Biotreatment and Chemical Speciation of Lead and Zinc Mine/Mill Wastewater Discharges in Missouri, USA |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Water Air Soil Pollut. |
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116 |
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3-4 |
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501-522 |
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biotreatment lead and zinc mine wastewater MINTEQ speciation biotreatment lead and zinc mine wastewater minteq speciation trout salmo-gairdneri water |
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Continued mining development in the world's largest lead producing area has generated and increased concern over effective mine water treatment in Missouri's New Lead Belt. A new type of mine/mill wastewater treatment system was constructed which consisted of a tailings pond followed by a series of artificially constructed meandering biotreatment channels and a polishing lagoon. This system provided additional retention time and distance for the removal of heavy metals by abundant aquatic plants and sedimentation. Seasonal field sampling and analytical testing that evaluated the present system confirmed that it provided good treatment for removal of heavy metals within the company property and produced a final effluent within the state and federal regulatory guidelines. On average, greater than 95% of zinc and manganese in the drainage water were removed by the biotreatment system, while lead and copper were 50 to 60%. A chemical equilibrium model, MINTEQ, was also used to identify various species of lead and zinc in the biotreatment system. The model predicted that the major species of carbonates and hydroxides would be the predominant complexes of lead and zinc for the pH and alkalinity values reported in the biotreatment system. These results were also supported by the literature. |
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0049-6979 |
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Dec.; Biotreatment and Chemical Speciation of Lead and Zinc Mine/Mill Wastewater Discharges in Missouri, USA; Isi:000083273200004; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10115.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17472 |
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16 |
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