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Author |
Tarutis Jr, W.J.; Stark, L.R.; Williams, F.M. |
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Title |
Sizing and performance estimation of coal mine drainage wetlands |
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Year |
1999 |
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Ecological Engineering |
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12 |
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3-4 |
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353-372 |
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Keywords |
mine water treatment coal mine drainage constructed wetlands efficiency first-order removal loading rate removal kinetics sizing zero-order removal constructed wetlands water-quality iron kinetics removal model phosphorus retention mechanism design Wetlands and estuaries geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) acid mine drainage effluent performance assessment remediation wetland management |
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Abstract |
The effectiveness of wetland treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) was assessed using three measures of performance: treatment efficiency, area-adjusted removal, and first-order removal. Mathematical relationships between these measures were derived from simple kinetic equations. Area-adjusted removal is independent of pollutant concentration (zero-order reaction kinetics), while first-order removal is dependent on concentration. Treatment efficiency is linearly related to area-adjusted removal and exponentially related to first-order removal at constant hydraulic loading rates (flow/area). Examination of previously published data from 35 natural AMD wetlands revealed that statistically significant correlations exist between several of the performance measures for both iron and manganese removal, but these correlations are potentially spurious because these measures are derived from, and are mathematical rearrangements of, the same operating data. The use of treatment efficiency as a measure of performance between wetlands is not recommended because it is a relative measure that does not account for influent concentration differences. Area-adjusted removal accounts for mass loading effects, but it fails to separate the flow and concentration components, which is necessary if removal is first-order. Available empirical evidence suggests that AMD pollutant removal is better described by first-order kinetics. If removal is first-order, the use of area-adjusted rates for determining the wetland area required for treating relatively low pollutant concentrations will result in undersized wetlands. The effects of concentration and flow rate on wetland area predictions for constant influent loading rates also depend on the kinetics of pollutant removal. If removal is zero-order, the wetland area required to treat a discharge to meet some target effluent concentration is a decreasing linear function of influent concentration (and an inverse function of flow rate). However, if removal is first-order, the required wetland area is a non-linear function of the relative influent concentration. Further research is needed for developing accurate first-order rate constants as a function of influent water chemistry and ecosystem characteristics in order to successfully apply the first-order removal model to the design of more effective AMD wetland treatment systems. |
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W.J. Tarutis Jr., Department of Natural Science, Lackawanna Junior College, 501 Vine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, United States |
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0925-8574 |
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Feb.; Sizing and performance estimation of coal mine drainage wetlands; 0427766; Netherlands 46; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10596.pdf; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 10596 |
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25 |
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Author |
Davis, L.K. |
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Title |
Constructed wetlands handbook |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1994 |
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Special Publication – United States. Bureau of Mines, Report: BUMINES-SP-06B-94 |
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409 |
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acid mine drainage; constructed wetlands; mining geology; pollution; remediation; waste disposal; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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Proceedings of the International land reclamation and mine drainage conference and Third international conference on The abatement of acidic drainage; Volume 2 of 4; Mine drainage |
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Constructed wetlands handbook; GeoRef; English; 2007-045261; International land reclamation and mine drainage conference; International conference on The abatement of acidic drainage, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, April 24-29, 1994 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6633 |
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406 |
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Kleinmann, R.; Majumdar, S.K.; Miller, E.W.; Brenner, F.J. |
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1998 |
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497-509 |
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abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; coal mines; constructed wetlands; drainage; environmental effects; mines; mitigation; pollutants; pollution; remediation; surface water; toxic materials; water quality; water treatment; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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The Pennsylvania Academy of Science Book Publications |
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25 |
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Ecology of wetlands and associated systems |
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Constructing wetlands for passive treatment of coal mine drainage; 2002-024212; GeoRef; English; References: 27; illus. incl. 2 tables United States (USA) |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6210 |
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330 |
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Demin, O.A.; Dudeney, A.W.L.; Tarasova, I.I. |
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Title |
Remediation of Ammonia-rich Minewater in Constructed Wetlands |
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2002 |
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Environ. Technol. |
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23 |
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5 |
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497-514 |
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constructed wetlands reed beds ammonia removal nitrification woolley colliery horizontal subsurface flow nitrate removal waste-water denitrification nitrification |
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A three-year study of ammonia removal from minewater was carried out employing constructed wetland systems (surface flow wetland and subsurface flow wetland cells) at the former Woolley Mine in West Yorkshire, UK The 1.4 Ha surface flow wetland (constructed in 1995) reduced the ammonia concentration from 3.5 – 4.5 mg l(-1) to < 2 3 mg V during the first half of the study and to essentially zero in the last year (2000 – 2001). About 25 % of contained ammonia was converted to nitrate, about 10 % was consumed by the plants and up to 30 % was converted to nitrogen gas. This maturation effect was attributed to increased depth of sludge from sedimentation of ochre, providing increased surface area for immobilisation of ammonia oxidising bacteria. The surface flow wetland finally removed 23 g m(-2) day(-1) ammonia in comparison with 3.8 g m(-2) day' for the subsurface flow (pea gravel) wetland cells, constructed for the present work and dosed with ammonium salts. Removal of ammonia by both systems was consistent with well-established mechanisms of nitrification and denitrification. It was also consistent with ammonia removal in wastewater wetland systems, although the greater aeration in the minewater systems obviated the need for special aeration cycles. The general role of wetland plants in such aerated conditions was attributed to maintaining hydraulic conditions (such as hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic resistance of substratum in subsurface flow systems) in the wetlands and providing a suspended solids filter for minewater. |
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0959-3330 |
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Remediation of Ammonia-rich Minewater in Constructed Wetlands; Isi:000176238900002; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17328 |
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405 |
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Nairn, R.W.; Griffin, B.C.; Strong, J.D.; Hatley, E.L. |
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Title |
Remediation challenges and opportunities at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma |
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Book Chapter |
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2001 |
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Proceedings of the Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, vol.18 |
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579-584 |
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abandoned mines acid mine drainage collapse structures constructed wetlands environmental analysis geologic hazards ground water human ecology Kansas land subsidence lead metals mines Missouri Oklahoma pollution reclamation remediation springs Superfund sites surface water Tar Creek Superfund Site United States water resources wetlands zinc 22, Environmental geology |
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The Tar Creek Superfund Site is a portion of the abandoned lead and zinc mining area known as the Tri-State Mining District (OK, KS and MO) and includes over 100 square kilometers of disturbed land surface and contaminated water resources in extreme northeastern Oklahoma. Underground mining from the 1890s through the 1960s degraded over 1000 surface hectares, and left nearly 50 km of tunnels, 165 million tons of processed mine waste materials (chat), 300 hectares of tailings impoundments and over 2600 open shafts and boreholes. Approximately 94 million cubic meters of contaminated water currently exist in underground voids. In 1979, metal-rich waters began to discharge into surface waters from natural springs, bore holes and mine shafts. Six communities are located within the boundaries of the Superfund site. Approximately 70% of the site is Native American owned. Subsidence and surface collapse hazards are of significant concern. The Tar Creek site was listed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1983 and currently receives a Hazard Ranking System score of 58.15, making Tar Creek the nation's number one NPL site. A 1993 Indian Health Service study demonstrated that 35% of children had blood lead levels above thresholds dangerous to human health. Recent remediation efforts have focused on excavation and replacement of contaminated residential areas. In January 2000, Governor Frank Keating's Tar Creek Task Force was created to take a “vital leadership role in identifying solutions and resources available to address” the myriad environmental problems. The principle final recommendation was the creation of a massive wetland and wildlife refuge to ecologically address health, safety, environmental, and aesthetic concerns. Additional interim measures included continuing the Task Force and subcommittees; study of mine drainage discharge and chat quality; construction of pilot treatment wetlands; mine shaft plugging; investigations of bioaccumulation issues; establishment of an authority to market and export chat, a local steering committee, and a GIS committee; and development of effective federal, state, tribal, and local partnerships. |
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Vincent, R.; Burger, J.A.; Marino, G.G.; Olyphant, G.A.; Wessman, S.C.; Darmody, R.G.; Richmond, T.C.; Bengson, S.A.; Nawrot, J.R. |
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Remediation challenges and opportunities at the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Oklahoma; GeoRef; English; 2002-036287; 18th annual national meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation; Land reclamation, a different approach, Albuquerque, NM, United States, June 3-7, 2001 References: 20; illus. incl. 1 table |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16526 |
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290 |
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