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Author |
Barton, C.D.; Karathanasis, A.D. |
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Title |
Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
AAPG Eastern Section and the Society for Organic Petrology joint meeting; abstracts |
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1545 |
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acid mine drainage aerobic environment air-water interface anaerobic environment attenuation buffers constructed wetlands controls diffusion iron manganese metals mineral composition pollution precipitation processes SEM data solubility solution sulfate ion sulfur wetlands X-ray diffraction data 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
The use of constructed wetlands for acid mine drainage amelioration has become a popular alternative to conventional treatment methods, however, the metal attenuation processes of these systems are poorly understood. Precipitates from biotic and abiotic zones of a staged constructed wetland treating high metal load (approx. equal to 1000 mg L (super -1) ) and low pH (approx. 3.0) acid mine drainage were characterized by chemical dissolution, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Characterization of abiotic/aerobic zones within the treatment system suggest the presence of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides such as hematite, lepidocrocite, goethite, and jarosite. At the air/water interface of initial abiotic treatment zones, SO (sub 4) /Fe ratios were low enough (<2.0) for the formation of jarosite and goethite, but as the ratio increased due to treatment and subsequent reductions in iron concentration, jarosite was transformed to other Fe-oxyhydroxysulfates and goethite formation was inhibited. In addition, elevated pH conditions occurring in the later stages of treatment promoted the formation of amorphous iron oxyhydroxides. Biotic wetland cell substrate characterizations suggest the presence of amorphous iron minerals such as ferrihydrite and Fe(OH) (sub 3) . Apparently, high Fe (super 3+) activity, low Eh and low oxygen diffusion rates in the anaerobic subsurface environment inhibit the kinetics of crystalline iron precipitation. Some goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite, however, were observed near the surface in biotic areas and are most likely attributable to increased oxygen levels from surface aeration and/or oxygen transport by plant roots. Alkalinity generation from limestone dissolution within the substrate and bacterially mediated sulfate reduction also has a significant role on the mineral retention process. The formation of gypsum, rhodochrocite and siderite are by-products of alkalinity generating reactions in this system and may have an impact on S, Mn, and Fe solubility controls. Moreover, the buffering of acidity through excess alkalinity appears to facilitate the precipitation and retention of metals within the system. |
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AAPG Bulletin |
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Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage; GeoRef; English; 1997-067790; AAPG Eastern Section and the Society for Organic Petrology joint meeting, Lexington, KY, United States, Sep. 27-30, 1997 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16630 |
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70 |
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Author |
Earley, D., III; Schmidt, R.D.; Kim, K. |
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Title |
Is sustainable mining an oxymoron? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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acids data processing development ground water leaching mineral resources mining mining geology models monitoring pollution production solutions 26A Economic geology, general, deposits 22 Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Sustainable mining is generally considered to be an oxymoron because mineral deposits are viewed as nonrenewable resources that are fixed in the crust. However, minerals are conserved and recycled by plate tectonics which continually creates and destroys ore deposits. Though it is true that rock cycles have much longer periods than biomass cycles, the crust is essentially an infinite reservoir so long as we continue to invest in mineral exploration and processing technology. Implicit in the definition of sustainable development is the recognition that human development of resources in one reservoir may subsequently degrade resources supplied by another. The depreciation of overlapping and adjacent resources is often externalized in the cost to benefit accounting and cannot be sustained if the integrated cost/benefit ratio is greater than 1. The greatest obstacle to sustainability in mining is the expanding scale of excavation required to develop leaner ores because this activity degrades connected resources. In the case of open pit, sulfide ore mining the disturbed land may produce acid rock drainage (ARD). Because ARD will self-generate over the course of tens to hundreds of years the cost of controlling this pollution and rehabilitating mined lands is large and often spread over many generations. Secondary production of minerals from partially excavated deposits where there are preexisting environmental impacts and mine infrastructure help to reduce the risk of depreciating pristine resources, provided that new mining operations “do no (additional) harm” (Margoles, 1996). In turn, a percentage of the profits derived from secondary mineral production can be used for rehabilitation of the previously mined lands. These lands contain significant, albeit low grade, metal concentrations. These concepts are being developed and tested at the Mineral Park Sustainable Mining Research Facility where an in situ copper sulfide mining field experiment was conducted. Monitoring data and computer modeling indicate that ARD is not generated after closure. This is because the ore is not disturbed and is left saturated, whereas unsaturated conditions generate acidic drainage. The short term risk of groundwater contamination is mitigated by utilizing an exempt mine pit to capture any leach solutions that are not intercepted by the wellfield. Using green accounting techniques and transfer models it can be communicated that this mining scenario is an approach to sustainability. |
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Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America |
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Geological Society of America, 1997 annual meeting |
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1998-051450; Geological Society of America, 1997 annual meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, Oct. 20-23, 1997; GeoRef; English |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16638 |
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396 |
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Author |
Gong, Z.; Huang, J.; Jiang, H. |
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Title |
Study of comprehensive retrieval utilization and the treatment of acid mine wastewater |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Zhongnan Gongye Daxue Xuebao = Journal of Central South University of Technology |
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27 |
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4 |
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432-435 |
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acid mine drainage Asia China copper Far East heavy metals metals pH pollution sulfides utilization waste water water 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
Impact of precipitating on removing harmful metal ion in the acid mine wastewater with pH neutralizer and sulfide was studied. The possible way of retrieving heavy metal ion in wastewater was probed. The techniques for lime carbonate to reject iron for hydrogen sulfide to precipitate copper and for zinc-lime cream neutralization flocculation to treat, mine acid wastewater were chosen. The final water quality may reach national effluent standard; the copper content was 32% in the sulfide slag. |
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1005-9792 |
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Study of comprehensive retrieval utilization and the treatment of acid mine wastewater; 1998-066886; References: 4; 4 tables China (CHN); GeoRef; Chinese |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16650 |
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370 |
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Author |
Cram, J.C. |
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Title |
Diversion well treatment of acid water, Lick Creek, Tioga County, PA |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1996 |
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acid mine drainage acid rain atmospheric precipitation carbonate rocks diversion wells Lick Creek limestone Pennsylvania pH pollution rain sedimentary rocks surface water Tioga County Pennsylvania United States water quality water treatment wells 22, Environmental geology |
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Diversion wells implement a fluidized bed of limestone for the treatment of acid water resulting from acid mine drainage or acid precipitation. This study was undertaken to better understand the operation of diversion wells and to define the physical and chemical factors having the greatest impact on the neutralization performance of the system. The study site was located near Lick Creek, a tributary stream of Babb Creek, near the Village of Arnot in Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Investigative methods included collection and analysis of site water quality and limestone data and field study of this as well as other diversion well sites. Analysis of data led to these general conclusions: The site received surface water influenced by three primary sources 1) precipitation, 2) mine drainage baseflow, and 3) melted snow. Water mostly influenced by precipitation events and mine drainage baseflow was more acidic than water influenced by melting snow conditions. The diversion wells were generally able to treat only half or less of the total stream flow of Lick Creek and under extremely high flow conditions the treatment provided was minimal. A range of flow conditions were identified which produced the best performance for the two diversion wells. Treatment produced by the system decreased through the loading cycle and increases to a maximum value after each weekly refilling of limestone. Fine grained sediment in the stream was found to be limestone of the same general composition as the material placed within the wells. Neutralization of acid water was largely due to microscopic particles rather than the limestone sediment discharged to the stream. Additional downstream buffering due to the limestone sediment physically discharged from the vessels was not apparent. Diversion well systems are inexpensive and simple to construct. In addition, the systems were found to be highly reliable and able to effectively treat acid water resulting from mine drainage and acid precipitation. Diversion wells provide better treatment when the treatment site is located at the source of the acidity (such as a mine discharge), rather than at the receiving stream. Systems should be designed with 15 to 20 feet of hydraulic head and the site must have year-round access. Diversion well systems require weekly addition of limestone gravel to the vessels to facilitate continual treatment. A great deal of commitment is necessary to maintain a diversion well system for long periods of time. These systems are more economical and require less attention that conventional chemical treatment of acid water. However, these systems require more attention that traditional passive treatment methods for treatment of acid, including mine drainage. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Pennsylvania State University at University Park, |
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University Park |
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Diversion well treatment of acid water, Lick Creek, Tioga County, PA; GeoRef; English; References: 49; illus. |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16652 |
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411 |
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Author |
Ketellapper, V.L.; Williams, L.O.; Bell, R.S.; Cramer, M.H. |
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Title |
The control of acid mine drainage at the Summitville Mine Superfund Site |
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Book Chapter |
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1996 |
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Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems (SAGEEP), vol.1996 |
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303-311 |
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acid mine drainage Colorado Del Norte Colorado gold ores metal ores mines mining mining geology open-pit mining pollutants pollution remediation Rio Grande County Colorado Summitville Mine Superfund sites surface mining United States water quality 22, Environmental geology |
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Abstract |
The Summitville Mine Superfund Site is located about 25 miles south of Del Norte, Colorado, in Rio Grande County. Occurring at an average elevation of 11,500 feet in the San Juan Mountain Range, the mine site is located two miles east of the Continental Divide. Mining at Summitville has occurred since 1870. The mine was most recently operated by Summitville Consolidated Mining Company, Inc. (SCMCI) as an open pit gold mine with extraction by means of a cyanide leaching process. In December of 1992, SCMCI declared bankruptcy and vacated the mine site. At that time, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) took over operations of the water treatment facilities to prevent a catastrophic release of cyanide and metal-laden water from the mine site. Due to high operational costs of water treatment (approximately $50,000 per day), EPA established a goal to minimize active water treatment by reducing or eliminating acid mine drainage (AMD). All of the sources of AMD generation on the mine site were evaluated and prioritized. Of the twelve areas identified as sources of AMD, the Cropsy Waste Pile, the Summitville Dam Impoundment, the Beaver Mud Dump, the Reynolds and Chandler adits, and the Mine Pits were consider to be the most significant contributors to the generation of metal-laden acidic (low pH) water. A two part plan was developed to control AMD from the most significant sources. The first part was initiated immediately to control AMD being released from the Site. This part focused on improving the efficiency of the water treatment facilities and controlling the AMD discharges from the mine drainage adits. The discharges from the adits was accomplished by plugging the Reynolds and Chandler adits. The second part of the plan was aimed at reducing the AMD generated in groundwater and surface water runoff from the mine wastes. A lined and capped repository located in the mine pits for acid generating mining waste and water treatment plant sludge was found to be the most feasible alternative. Beginning in 1993, mining wastes which were the most significant sources of AMD were being excavated and placed in the Mine Pits. In November 1995, all of the waste from these sources had been excavated and placed in the the Mine Pits. This paper discusses EPA's overall approach to stabilize on-site sources sufficiently such that aquatic, agricultural, and drinking water uses in the Alamosa watershed are restored and/or maintained with minimal water treatment. |
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The control of acid mine drainage at the Summitville Mine Superfund Site; GeoRef; English; 2002-027195; Symposium on the Application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems, Keystone, CO, United States, April 28-May 2, 1996 References: 11; illus. incl. geol. sketch map |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 16654 |
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334 |
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