| Records |
| Author |
Gusek, J.J. |
| Title |
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Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-14 [Cd-Rom] |
| Keywords |
Constructed wetlands acid mine drainage heavy metals sulfate reduction |
| Abstract |
There are basically two kinds of biological passive treatment cells for treating mine drainage. Aerobic Cells, containing cattails and other plants, are typically applicable to coal mine drainage where iron and manganese and mild acidity are problematic. Anaerobic Cells or Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactors are typically applicable to metal mine drainage with high acidity and a wide range of metals. Most passive treatment systems employ one or both of these cell types. The track record of aerobic cells in treating coal mine drainage is impressive, especially in the eastern coalfields. Sulfate-reducing bioreactors have tremendous potential at metal mines and coal mines, but have not seen as wide an application. This paper presents the advantages of sulfate-reducing bioreactors in treating mine drainage, including: the ability to work in cold, high altitude environments, handle high flow rates of mildly affected ARD in moderate acreage footprints, treat low pH acid drainage with a wide range of metals and anions including uranium, selenium, and sulfate, accept acid drainagecontaining dissolved aluminum without clogging with hydroxide sludge, have life-cycle costs on the order of $0.50 per thousand gallons, and be integrated into “semi-passive” systems that might be powered by liquid organic wastes. Sulfate reducing bioreactors might not be applicable in every abandoned mine situation. However a phased design program of laboratory, bench, and pilot scale testing has been shown to increase the likelihood of a successful design. |
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Place of Publication |
Park City |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
Proceedings, Annual Conference – National Association of Abandoned Mine Land Programs |
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| Notes |
Sulfate-Reducing Bioreactor Design and Operating Issues – Is this the Passive Treatment Technology for your Mine Drainage?; 2; VORHANDEN | AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; als Datei vorhanden 4 Abb. |
Approved |
no |
Call Number  |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17348 |
Serial |
364 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Kleinmann, R.L.P. |
| Title |
Acid Mine Water Treatment using Engineered Wetlands |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Int. J. Mine Water |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1-4 |
Pages |
269-276 |
| Keywords |
wetlands AMD passive treatment pollution control water treatment abandoned mines biological treatment pH bacterial oxidation wetland sizing sphagnum |
| Abstract |
400 systems installed within 4 years During the last two decades, the United States mining industry has greatly increased the amount it spends on pollution control. The application of biotechnology to mine water can reduce the industry's water treatment costs (estimated at over a million dollars a day) and improve water quality in streams and rivers adversely affected by acidic mine water draining from abandoned mines. Biological treatment of mine waste water is typically conducted in a series of small excavated ponds that resemble, in a superficial way, a small marsh area. The ponds are engineered to first facilitate bacterial oxidation of iron; ideally, the water then flows through a composted organic substrate that supports a population of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The latter process raises the pH. During the past four years, over 400 wetland water treatment systems have been built on mined lands as a result of research by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. In general, mine operators find that the wetlands reduce chemical treatment costs enough to repay the cost of wetland construction in less than a year. Actual rates of iron removal at field sites have been used to develop empirical sizing criteria based on iron loading and pH. If the pH is 6 or above, the wetland area (in2) required is equivalent to the iron. load (grams/day) divided by 10. Theis requirement doubles at a pH of 4 to 5. At a pH below 4, the iron load (grams/day) should be divided by 2 to estimate the area required (in2). |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0255-6960 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
Acid Mine Water Treatment using Engineered Wetlands; 1; Fg; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17368 |
Serial |
328 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Norton, P.J. |
| Title |
The Control of Acid Mine Drainage with Wetlands |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Mine Water Env. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
27-34 |
| Keywords |
acid mine drainage construction chemistry artificial wetlands pollution control performance evaluation coal mines pollution control and prevention |
| Abstract |
The recent increases in environmental legislation, especially in the USA'have meant that there is a need on behalf of the mining companies for more judicious operational planning and more thorough restoration techniques in order to reduce costs and prevent violation of the smctly enforced regulations. Water pollution is probably the greatest problem and many less enlightened operators, especially for example, in surface coal milling in Pennsylvania, have been forced into liquidation after having been unable to meet the severe restrictions on Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The problems of AMD are also inherent in most forms of metalliferous and coal mining and also in some types of aggregate quarrying. As excavations go deeper in search of ever diminishing reserves then they are more likely to encounter groundwater which can become polluted if insufficient care is not taken. It is to be expected that the laws will also become more severe than they are at present in Europe and methods of treatment of AMD will need to be developed that are more efficient than the costly chemical methods currently used. Research by the author and others into the source of AMD pollution and its treatment with engineered wetlands and other operational methods are discussed in the paper. The methods have- the distinct benefit that they are cheap to install, are cost effective over a long period with the minimum of supervision and are environmentally acceptable to the planning and regulatory authorities. |
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| Notes |
The Control of Acid Mine Drainage with Wetlands; 1; 1 Abb.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17401 |
Serial |
284 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Watzlaf, G.R.; Schroeder, K.T.; Kairies, C.L. |
| Title |
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Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
262-274 |
| Keywords |
passive treatment anoxic limestone drains wetlands sulfate reduction successive alkalinity-producing systems acid mine drainage ALD SAPS RAPS |
| Abstract |
Ten passive treatment systems, located in Pennsylvania and Maryland, have been intensively monitored for up to ten years. Influent and effluent water quality data from ten anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) and six reducing and alkalinity-producing systems (RAPS) have been analyzed to determine long-term performance for each of these specific unit operations. ALDs and RAPS are used principally to generate alkalinity, ALDs are buried beds of limestone that add alkalinity through dissolution of calcite. RAPS add alkalinity through both limestone dissolution and bacterial sulfate reduction. ALDs that received mine water containing less than 1 mg/L of both ferric iron and aluminum have continued to produce consistent concentrations of alkalinity since their construction. However, an ALD that received 20 mg/L of aluminum experienced a rapid reduction in permeability and failed within five months. Maximum levels of alkalinity (between 150 and 300 m&) appear to be reached after I5 hours of retention. All but one RAPS in this study have been constructed and put into operation only within the past 2.5 to 5 years. One system has been in operation and monitored for more than nine years. AIkalinity due to sulfate reduction was highest during the first two summers of operation. Alkalinity due to a limestone dissolution has been consistent throughout the life of the system. For the six RAPS in this study, sulfate reduction contributed an average of 28% of the total alkalinity. Rate of total alkalinity generation range from 15.6 gd''rn-'to 62.4 gd-'mL2 and were dependent on influent water quality and contact time. |
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Place of Publication |
Tampa |
Editor |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
Proceedings, 17th Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation |
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| Notes |
Long-Term Perpormance of Alkalinity-Producing Passive Systems for the Treatment of Mine Drainage; 2; VORHANDEN | AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; als Datei vorhanden 4 Abb., 5 Tab. |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17440 |
Serial |
216 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Younger, P.L. |
| Title |
The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Mine Water Env. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
84-97 |
| Keywords |
wetlands SAPS aerobic wetlands acidity aerobic anaerobic compost iron metals passive reactive barrier water treatment |
| Abstract |
During the 1990s, passive treatment technology was introduced to the United Kingdom (UK). Early hesitancy on the part of regulators and practitioners was rapidly overcome, at least for net-alkaline mine waters, so that passive treatment is now the technology of choice for the long-term remediation of such discharges, wherever land availability is not unduly limiting. Six types of passive systems are now being used in the UK for mine water treatment: ¨ aerobic, surface flow wetlands (reed-beds); ¨ anaerobic, compost wetlands with significant surface flow; ¨ mixed compost / limestone systems, with predominantly subsurface flow (so-called Reducing and Alkalinity Producing Systems (RAPS)); ¨ subsurface reactive barriers to treat acidic, metalliferous ground waters; ¨ closed-system limestone dissolution systems for zinc removal from alkaline waters; ¨ roughing filters for treating ferruginous mine waters where land availability is limited. Each of these technologies is appropriate for a different kind of mine water, or for specific hydraulic circumstances. The degree to which each type of system can be considered “proven technology” corresponds to the order in which they are listed above. Many of these passive systems have become foci for detailed scientific research, as part of a $1.5M European Commission project running from 2000 to 2003. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1025-9112 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom; 1; FG 5 Abb., 1 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17448 |
Serial |
198 |
| Permanent link to this record |
