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Author |
Botha, G.R.; Sanderson, R.D.; Buckley, C.A. |
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Title |
Brief Historical Review of Membrane-development and Membrane Applications in Waste-water Treatment in Southern Africa |
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1992 |
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Water Sci. Technol. |
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25 |
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10 |
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1-4 |
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membranes reverse osmosis ultrafiltration microfiltration desalination waste-water treatment industrial effluents |
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Abstract |
Away back in 1953 few people in the world, let alone South Africa, knew or had heard about membrane desalination, but there was an increasing awareness that electrodialysis had considerable potential for the desalination of brackish water.In South Africa the development of the new gold fields in the northern Orange Free State and the problems posed by the presence of excessive volumes of very saline mine waters stimulated interest in desalination and the CSIR* in collaboration with the mining industry became involved in the development of the electrodialysis process. By 1959 the largest brackish desalination plant in the world had been built and commissioned. South Africans were thus in the forefront of this technology, even to the extent of making the required membranes locally.Our historical review of membrane development and the applications of membrane technology in Southern Africa encompasses both pressure- and voltage-driven processes. Examples of the pressure processes are microfiltration, ultrafiltration and charged membrane ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, and finally reverse osmosis with fixed and dynamically formed membranes. The voltage-drive processes considered are electrodialysis and electrodialysis reversal. |
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0273-1223 |
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Brief Historical Review of Membrane-development and Membrane Applications in Waste-water Treatment in Southern Africa; Isi:A1992kc89700002; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17314 |
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441 |
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Janiak, H. |
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Mine drainage treatment in Polish lignite mining |
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1992 |
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Mine Water Env. |
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11 |
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1 |
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35-44 |
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laboratory scale tests plants bogs biological filters open cut mining mine drainage filtration flocculation radiation particle size suspended solids water treatment water discharge field tests lignite mines poland mining and industrial water water treatment water quality |
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The paper presents volumes and characteristics of water discharged from some Polish lignite open pit mines and discusses methods for its treatment. Results of research work concerned with increase in mine drainage efficiency by using processes of radiation, flocculation and filtration through a set of bog plants, iknown as grass filter are also discussed |
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Mine drainage treatment in Polish lignite mining; WATERLIT: 00526053 1 Abb., 3 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17356 |
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342 |
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Nakazawa, H. |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage containing iron ions and arsenic for utilization of the sludge |
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2006 |
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Sohn International Symposium Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials, Vol 9 |
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373-381 |
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mine water treatment arsenic biotechnology filtration iron membranes microorganisms mining industry oxidation sludge treatment acid mine drainage arsenic ion sludge treatment Horobetsu mine Hokkaido Japan ferrous iron membrane filter pore size arsenite solutions microbial oxidation As Fe Manufacturing and Production |
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An acid mine drainage in abandoned Horobetsu mine in Hokkaido, Japan, contains arsenic and iron ions; total arsenic ca.10ppm, As(III) ca. 8.5ppm, total iron 379ppm, ferrous iron 266ppm, pH1.8. Arsenic occurs mostly as arsenite (As (III)) or arsenate (As (V)) in natural water. As(III) is more difficult to be remove than As(V), and it is necessary to oxidize As(III) to As(V) for effective removal. 5mL of the mine drainage or its filtrate through the membrane filter (pore size 0.45 mu m) were added to arsenite solutions (pH1.8) with the concentration of 5ppm. After the incubation of 30 days, As(III) was oxidized completely with the addition of the mine drainage while the oxidation did not occur with the addition of filtrate, indicating the microbial oxidation of As(III). In this paper, we have investigated the microbial oxidation of As(III) in acid water below pH2.0. |
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0-87339-642-1 |
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Aug 27-31; Treatment of acid mine drainage containing iron ions and arsenic for utilization of the sludge; Isip:000241817200032; Conference Paper Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17456 |
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151 |
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Eriksson, P.K.; Lien, L.A.; Green, D.H.; Kyburz, M. |
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Nanofiltration für die Aufkonzentrierung von Kupfersulfat von Auslaugewässern und die Rückgewinnung von Schwefelsäure |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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6. Aachener Membran Kolloquium, Preprints, Aachen, DE, 3. 5. Mar, 1997 |
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113-121 |
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Abwasserbehandlung Abraum Auslaugen=Mineralogie Ausfällung Membranfilter Adsorption Biomasse Konzentration Kupfer Porenweite Querströmung Schwermetalle Soda Investitionskosten Betriebskosten Kolonne=Apparat Pilotanlage Schwefelsäure Wiederverwertung Metallsalz Nanofiltration Kupfermine Biomassekolonne Entkrustungsmittel |
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In einem US-amerikanischen Minenbetrieb fallen bei der Auslaugung von Abraum zur Gewinnung von Restkupfer Abwässer an, die höhere Konzentrationen aufweisen als für Abwässer erlaubt ist. Eine bislang angewandte chemische Fällung erforderte erhebliche Kosten. Mit der Nanofiltration (NF), verbunden mit einer Biomasse-Adsorptionsstufe, erhält man ein weniger problematisches Abwasser, das direkt eingeleitet werden darf. Dieses Wasser kann im Betrieb sogar als Frischwasser dort eingesetzt werden, wo höhere Anteile an Silikaten toleriert werden können. Ein weiterer Vorteil der NF-Technik ist die Aufkonzentration der Metallsalze und die Rückgewinnung von Schwefelsäure. Kupfer liegt z.B. nach der ersten Stufe in solcher Konzentration vor, daß die Extraktionskapazität der existierenden Anlage stark erhöht wird. Die Nanofiltration ist ein Membranprozeß, bei dem Membranen mit Porengrößen von ca. 1 nm eingesetzt werden. Die Porengröße ist kleiner als bei Ultrafiltrationsverfahren und nur wenig größer als bei Umkehrosmosemembranen. Gearbeitet wird mit dem Prinzip der Queranströmung (Crossflow). Zur Entfernung der relativ geringen Anteile an Schwermetallen wird zusätzlich eine Biomasse-Kolonne eingesetzt. Beschrieben wird der Aufbau bzw. das Fließschema einer Pilotanlage. Untersuchungen mit dieser Anlage bestätigten die Wirksamkeit der NF- Abwasserbehandlung mit anschließender Adsorption an Biomasse. Die zugeführten Chemikalien bestehen lediglich aus relativ harmlosen Stoffen wie Entkrustungsmittel und Soda. Das Entkrustungsmittel wird benötigt, um Ablagerungen von Anorganika auf den Membranen zu verhindern. Das Soda neutralisiert das aufbereitete Wasser. Beide Chemikalien verhalten sich im Prozeß ansonsten neutral. Hauptsächliche Ausgaben entstehen für Kapitalkosten. Betriebskosten entstehen für den Membranersatz und die Energie. Die Versuchsresultate und Erkenntnisse aus den Versuchen konnten weitgehend für die Auslegung einer NF-Anlage in einer Kupfermine in Mexiko übernommen werden, die im Frühjahr 1997 in Betrieb genommen werden soll. |
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Escondido, US; Harrison Western Environ Services, Lakewood, US; Osmonics- Desal, Aarau, CH |
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Nanofiltration für die Aufkonzentrierung von Kupfersulfat von Auslaugewässern und die Rückgewinnung von Schwefelsäure; BERG, Copyright FIZ Technik e.V.; DE Deutsch; Csn=00011; M9705 0920 570; 13759, BERG , 11.06.97; Words: 592; 9 Seiten, 4 Bilder 3PAB *Aufbereitung anorganischer, mineralischer Rohstoffe* 3PH *Trennen fest/flüssig/gasförm. Stoffe, dispers. Stoffsysteme* 3UXX *Belastung von Wasser, Wasserreinhaltung, Abwasser* 3KEM *Nichteisenmetalle/ legierungen/ gußwerkstoffe* |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17600 |
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388 |
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Rees, B.; Bowell, R.; Dey, M.; Williams, K. |
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Title |
Passive treatment; a walk away solution? |
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2001 |
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Mining Environmental Management |
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9 |
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2 |
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7-8 |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; alkalinity; bacteria; bioremediation; buffers; chemical reactions; cost; effluents; ferric iron; ferrous iron; filtration; ground water; hydrolysis; iron; metals; monitoring; oxidation; permeability; pH; pollution; remediation; substrates; sulfate ion; suspended materials; water management; water pollution; water quality; water treatment; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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0969-4218 |
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Passive treatment; a walk away solution?; 2001-050826; References: 3; illus. United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5722 |
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265 |
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