| Records |
Author  |
Younger, P.L. |
| Title |
Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Land Reclamation: Extending the Boundaries |
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Pages |
253-264 |
| Keywords |
mine water treatment |
| Abstract |
The reclamation of former mining sites is a major challenge in many parts of the world. In relation to the restoration of spoil heaps (mine waste rock piles) and similar bodies of opencast backfill, key challenges include (i) the establishment of stable slopes and minimization of other geotechnical hazards (ii) developing and maintaining a healthy vegetative cover (iii) managing the hydrological behaviour of the restored ground. Significant advances have been made over the past four decades in relation to all four of these objectives. One of the most recalcitrant problems is the ongoing generation and release of acidic leachates, which typically emerge at the toes of (otherwise restored) spoil heaps in the form of springs and seepage areas. Such features are testament to the presence of a “perched” groundwater circulation system within the spoil, and their acidity reflects the continued penetration of oxygen to zones within the heaps which contain reactive pyrite (and other iron sulphide minerals). Two obvious strategies for dealing with this problem are disruption of the perched groundwater system and/or exclusion of oxygen entry. These strategies are now being pursued with considerable success where spoil is being reclaimed for the first time, by the installation of two types of physical barrier (dry covers and water covers). However, where a spoil heap has already been revegetated some decades ago, the destruction of an established sward or woodland in order to retro-fit a dry cover or water cover is rarely an attractive option for dealing with the “secondary dereliction” represented by ongoing toe seepages of acidic leachates. More attractive by far are passive treatment techniques, in which the polluted water is forced to flow through reactive media which serve to neutralize its acidity and remove toxic metals from solution. A brief historical review of the development of such systems reveals a general progression from using limestone as the key neutralizing agent, through a combined use of limestone and compost, to systems in which almost all of the neutralization is achieved by means of bacterial sulphate reduction in the saturated compost media of subsurface-flow bioreactors. In almost all cases, these passive treatment systems include an aerobic, surface flow wetland as the final “polishing” step in the treatment process. Such wetlands combine treatment functions (efficient removal of metals from the now-neutralized waters down to low residual concentrations, and re-oxygenating the water prior to discharge to receiving watercourses) with amenity value (attractive areas for recreational walking, bird-watching etc) and ecological value. |
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Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects; Isip:000183447100035; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17016 |
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158 |
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| Author |
Younger, P.L. |
| Title |
The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Mine Water Env. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
84-97 |
| Keywords |
wetlands SAPS aerobic wetlands acidity aerobic anaerobic compost iron metals passive reactive barrier water treatment |
| Abstract |
During the 1990s, passive treatment technology was introduced to the United Kingdom (UK). Early hesitancy on the part of regulators and practitioners was rapidly overcome, at least for net-alkaline mine waters, so that passive treatment is now the technology of choice for the long-term remediation of such discharges, wherever land availability is not unduly limiting. Six types of passive systems are now being used in the UK for mine water treatment: ¨ aerobic, surface flow wetlands (reed-beds); ¨ anaerobic, compost wetlands with significant surface flow; ¨ mixed compost / limestone systems, with predominantly subsurface flow (so-called Reducing and Alkalinity Producing Systems (RAPS)); ¨ subsurface reactive barriers to treat acidic, metalliferous ground waters; ¨ closed-system limestone dissolution systems for zinc removal from alkaline waters; ¨ roughing filters for treating ferruginous mine waters where land availability is limited. Each of these technologies is appropriate for a different kind of mine water, or for specific hydraulic circumstances. The degree to which each type of system can be considered “proven technology” corresponds to the order in which they are listed above. Many of these passive systems have become foci for detailed scientific research, as part of a $1.5M European Commission project running from 2000 to 2003. |
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1025-9112 |
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The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom; 1; FG 5 Abb., 1 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17448 |
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198 |
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Younger, P.L. |
| Title |
Minewater treatment using wetlands |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Water and Environment Manager |
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2 |
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4 |
Pages |
11 |
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Wetlands and estuaries geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) wetlands mine drainage water treatment |
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Experiences gained by the UK Mining Industry and effluent treatment companies in theuse of wetlands for treating minewaters are discussed. Discharges from abandoned mines is a major cause of freshwater pollution in some regions. Key topics relating to the use of wetlands for minewater treatment will be discussed at a CIWEM conference in Newcastle on 5 September 1997. |
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Minewater treatment using wetlands; 0283405; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 10624 |
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200 |
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| Author |
Yernberg, W.R. |
| Title |
Improvements seen in acid-mine-drainage technology |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Min. Eng. |
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52 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
67-70 |
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acid mine drainage; bacteria; chemical weathering; coal mines; Colorado; copper ores; effects; geochemistry; hydrogen; inorganic acids; international cooperation; ions; lead ores; medical geology; metal ores; mines; molybdenum ores; oxidation; pH; pollution; prediction; pyrite; reclamation; remediation; research; risk assessment; silicates; soil treatment; solid waste; sulfides; sulfuric acid; Summitville Mine; tailings; tailings ponds; technology; United States; waste disposal; weathering; zinc ores 22, Environmental geology |
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0026-5187 |
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Improvements seen in acid-mine-drainage technology; 2000-069686; illus. incl. sect., sketch map United States (USA); GeoRef; English |
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no |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5808 |
Serial |
73 |
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| Author |
Ye, Z.H. |
| Title |
Removal and distribution of iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel within a Pennsylvania constructed wetland treating coal combustion by-product leachate |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Environmental Quality |
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30 |
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4 |
Pages |
1464-1473 |
| Keywords |
mine water treatment |
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A flow-through wetland treatment system was constructed to treat coal combustion by-product leachate from an electrical power station at Springdale, Pennsylvania. In a nine-compartment treatment system, four cattail (Typha latifolia L.) wetland cells (designated Cells I through 4) successfully removed iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) from the inlet water; Fe and Mn concentrations were decreased by an average of 91% in the first year (May 1996-May 1997), and by 94 and 98% in the second year (July 1997-June 1998), respectively. Cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) were decreased by an average of 39 and 47% in the first year, and 98 and 63% in the second year, respectively. Most of the metal removed by the wetland cells was accumulated in sediments, which constituted the largest sink. Except for Fe, metal concentrations in the sediments tended to be greater in the top 5 em of sediment than in the 5- to 10- or 10- to 15-cm layers, and in Cell I than in Cells 2, 3, and 4. Plants constituted a much smaller sink for metals; only 0.91, 4.18, 0.19, and 0.38% of the Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni were accumulated annually in the aboveground tissues of cattail, respectively. A greater proportion of each metal (except Mn) was accumulated in cattail fallen litter and submerged Chara (a macroalga) tissues, that is, 2.81, 2.75, and 1.05% for Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively. Considerably higher concentrations of metals were associated with cattail roots than shoots, although Mn was a notable exception. |
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Removal and distribution of iron, manganese, cobalt, and nickel within a Pennsylvania constructed wetland treating coal combustion by-product leachate; Wos:000174863000040; Times Cited: 15; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17061 |
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122 |
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