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LaPointe, F., Fytas, K., & McConchie, D. (2005). Using permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of acid rock drainage. International journal of surface mining, reclamation and environment, 19(1), 57–65.
Abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the most serious environmental problem facing the Canadian mineral industry today. It results from oxidation of sulphide minerals (e.g. pyrite or pyrrhotite) contained in mine waste or mine tailings and is characterized by acid effluents rich in heavy metals that are released into the environment. A new acid remediation technology is presented, by which metallurgical residues from the aluminium extraction industry are used to construct permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to treat acid mine effluents. This technology is very promising for treating acid mine effluents in order to decrease their harmful environmental effects
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Kuyucak, N. (2002). Acid mine drainage prevention and control options. CIM Bull., 95(1060), 96–102.
Abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. It occurs as a result of natural oxidation of sulphide minerals contained in mining wastes at operating and closed/decommissioned mine sites. AMD may adversely impact the surface water and groundwater quality and land use due to its typical low pH, high acidity and elevated concentrations of metals and sulphate content. Once it develops at a mine, its control can be difficult and expensive. If generation of AMD cannot be prevented, it must be collected and treated. Treatment of AMD usually costs more than control of AMD and may be required for many years after mining activities have ceased. Therefore, application of appropriate control methods to the site at the early stage of the mining would be beneficial. Although prevention of AMD is the most desirable option, a cost-effective prevention method is not yet available. The most effective method of control is to minimize penetration of air and water through the waste pile using a cover, either wet (water) or dry (soil), which is placed over the waste pile. Despite their high cost, these covers cannot always completely stop the oxidation process and generation of AMD. Application of more than one option might be required. Early diagnosis of the problem, identification of appropriate prevention/control measures and implementation of these methods to the site would reduce the potential risk of AMD generation. AMD prevention/control measures broadly include use of covers, control of the source, migration of AMD, and treatment. This paper provides an overview of AMD prevention and control options applicable for developing, operating and decommissioned mines.
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Janiak, H. (1992). Mine drainage treatment in Polish lignite mining. Mine Water Env., 11(1), 35–44.
Abstract: The paper presents volumes and characteristics of water discharged from some Polish lignite open pit mines and discusses methods for its treatment. Results of research work concerned with increase in mine drainage efficiency by using processes of radiation, flocculation and filtration through a set of bog plants, iknown as grass filter are also discussed
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Hause, D. R., & Willison, L. R. (1986). Deep Mine Abandonment Sealing and Underground Treatment to Prelude Acid Mine Drainage.
Abstract: Beth Energy's Mine 105W is located in Barbour County, West Virginia, near Buckhannon. The mine was opened by drifts updip into the Pittsburgh Seam in 1971 and operated until June, 1982. Most of the water which enters Mine 105W percolates down from previously mined areas in the Redstone Seam, Mine 101, which generally lies 38 feet above the Pittsburgh Seam. The quality of this water is good as it enters Mine 105W. While operating, the Mine 105W water was segregated by pumping. The bulk of the water was collected in sumps near the main area of infiltration from the Redstone Seam and was pumped to Gnatty Creek Portal where, because of the quality, it was minimally treated and discharged. The remainder of the water flowed to the original West Portal where it was occasionally treated with lime.
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Godard, M. (1997). Principes d'exhaure et de traitement des eaux chargees aux houilleres du bassin de Lorraine. Darstellung der Verfahren zur Wasserhaltung und zur Wasseraufbereitung in den Steinkohlengruben des Lothringer Beckens. Draining principles and treatment of water used in the Lorraine mining basin. Mines et Carrieres, (Feb), 42–45.
Abstract: Im lothringischen Steinkohlenbergbau werden bis 3 m(exp 3)/min Wasser bei den Gewinnungsarbeiten zur Staubbekämpfung benötigt, die anschließend einer mehrstufigen Wasseraufbereitung zugeführt werden müssen. Die Abscheidung der Feststoffe aus dem Grubenwasser erfolgt teilweise in der Nähe der Gewinnungsbereiche in untertägigen Absetzbecken. Die dort anfallenden Schlämme werden in Zyklonieranlagen entwässert und als Versatzmaterial verwendet. Die so gereinigten Wässer werden der Hauptwasserhaltung zugeführt. In den meisten Fällen ist eine derartige Reinigung der Abwässer im Vorortbereich jedoch nicht möglich, und die mit Feststoffen belasteten Wässer müssen dann durch Schlammpumpen (leistungsfähige Kolbenpumpen) zu zentralen untertägigen Absetzbecken gefördert werden, wo sich die Schlämme absetzen und die geklärten Wässer der Wasserhaltung zugeführt werden. Es werden die unterschiedlichen Verfahren zur Behandlung der Schlämme aus den Absetzbecken beschrieben. Im Rahmen einer Rekonstruktion wurden die ursprünglich vorhandenen 43 Kreiselpumpen zur Schlammförderung (installierte Leistung von 2365 kW) durch 3 leistungsfähige Kolbenpumpen (installierte Leistung 960 kW) ersetzt, was sich günstig auf die Kosten auswirkte. Die von der Hauptwasserhaltung gehobenen Grubenwässer werden im Übertagebereich nochmals in Absetzbecken geklärt bzw. in einer neuen Zyklonanlage gereinigt.
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