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Kalin, M., Cairns, J., & McCready, R. (1991). Ecological engineering methods for acid mine drainage treatment of coal wastes. Resources, conservation and recycling, 5(2-3), 265–275.
Abstract: The treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) through the utilization of alkali generating microbes has potential as an alternate approach to conventional lime treatment. Organic matter, a source of fixed carbon for the alkali generating microbial ecosystem, has been tested in 6 different types of AMD. The AMD characteristics range in acidities from 2 mg/l to 900 mg/l (CaCO3 equivalent), while sulphate concentrations range from 75 to 7300 mg/l. Alkali generating populations identified include iron reducers, sulphate reducers and ammonifiers. In coal AMD amended with organic matter, the microbial alkali generation is dominated by ammonifiers. Concentrations of Al, Fe and Zn in the AMD water decreased with concurrent increases in pH (3.2 to 6.5) in localized areas in the test cells.
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Skousen, J. G. (1991). An Evaluation Of Acid-Mine Drainage Treatment Systems And Costs. Environmental Management for the 1990s, , 173–178.
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Skousen, J. G. (1991). Anoxic limestone drains for acid mine drainage treatment. Green Lands, 21(4), 30–35.
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Okuda, T., Ema, S., Ishizaki, C., & Fujimoto, J. (1991). Mine drainage treatment and ferrite sludge application. NEC Technical Journal, 44(5), 4–16.
Abstract: The `ferrite process' is an excellent method for treating waste water containing iron and arsenic, but cannot be directly applied to mine drainage where silicon and aluminum ions are present, because they strongly inhibit ferrite formation. As a result of the development of related technologies such as the elimination of silicon, the concentration of iron, and the oxidation of ferrous ions using iron-oxidation bacteria, a new ferrite formation process has been developed and applied to the mine drainage of the Matsuo Mine. The paper discusses the application of the ferrite sludge to magnetic marking materials, magnetic fluid for metal separation and recovery, and the semiactive magnetic damper is described. The related technologies which will be expected to play an important role in solving the environmental problems are also described. These technologies will change the ferrite sludge to beneficial materials, which can be used for carbon dioxide decomposing catalysts, reuse of dry batteries, fish gathering blocks, and cement tracer for ground improvement
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Deshpande, V. P., Pande, S. P., Gadkari, S. K., & Saxena, K. L. (1991). Acid-mine Drainage Treatment. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control, 26(8), 1387–1408.
Abstract: One of the serious problem faced by the mining industry is the disposal of acid mine drainage in view of it's harmful effects on receiving water bodies.Studies were conducted at Churcha underground mines of Colleries of South Eastern Coal Fields (CoalIndia Ltd) on the acidic mine waters with a view to evolve effective treatment system. The results of treatability studies alongwith viable treatment options are discussed in the paper.
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