| Records |
| Author |
Conca, J.L.; Wright, J. |
| Title |
An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Appl. Geochem. |
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| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2188-2200 |
| Keywords |
Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater quality apatite groundwater remediation zinc lead cadmium acid mine drainage copper sulfate nitrate permeability water treatment precipitation chemistry |
| Abstract |
Phosphate-induced metal stabilization involving the reactive medium Apatite II(TM) [Ca10-xNax(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2], where x < 1, was used in a subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to treat acid mine drainage in a shallow alluvial groundwater containing elevated concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, SO4 and NO3. The groundwater is treated in situ before it enters the East Fork of Ninemile Creek, a tributary to the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho. Microbially mediated SO4 reduction and the subsequent precipitation of sphalerite [ZnS] is the primary mechanism occurring for immobilization of Zn and Cd. Precipitation of pyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH,Cl)2] is the most likely mechanism for immobilization of Pb. Precipitation is occurring directly on the original Apatite II. The emplaced PRB has been operating successfully since January of 2001, and has reduced the concentrations of Cd and Pb to below detection (2 μg L-1), has reduced Zn to near background in this region (about 100 μg L-1), and has reduced SO4 by between 100 and 200 mg L-1 and NO3 to below detection (50 μg L-1). The PRB, filled with 90 tonnes of Apatite II, has removed about 4550 kg of Zn, 91 kg of Pb and 45 kg of Cd, but 90% of the immobilization is occurring in the first 20% of the barrier, wherein the reactive media now contain up to 25 wt% Zn. Field observations indicate that about 30% of the Apatite II material is spent (consumed). |
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0883-2927 |
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Dec.; An Apatite II permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater containing Zn, Pb and Cd; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17248 |
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44 |
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Blowes, D.W.; Ptacek, C.J.; Benner, S.G.; McRae, C.W.T.; Bennett, T.A.; Puls, R.W. |
| Title |
Treatment of inorganic contaminants using permeable reactive barriers |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
J Contam Hydrol |
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45 |
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1-2 |
Pages |
123-137 |
| Keywords |
acid mine drainage; adsorption; agricultural waste; aquifers; chemical reactions; chromium; concentration; contaminant plumes; decontamination; disposal barriers; dissolved materials; drainage; ground water; heavy metals; metals; nitrate ion; nutrients; permeability; phosphate ion; pollution; pump-and-treat; remediation; sulfate ion; waste disposal; water treatment mine water treatment Remediation Groundwater Metals Nutrients Radionuclides |
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Permeable reactive barriers are an emerging alternative to traditional pump and treat systems for groundwater remediation. This technique has progressed rapidly over the past decade from laboratory bench-scale studies to full-scale implementation. Laboratory studies indicate the potential for treatment of a large number of inorganic contaminants, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tc, U, V, NO3, PO4 and SO4. Small-scale field studies have demonstrated treatment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, NO3, PO4 and SO4. Permeable reactive barriers composed of zero-valent iron have been used in full-scale installations for the treatment of Cr, U, and Tc. Solid-phase organic carbon in the form of municipal compost has been used to remove dissolved constituents associated with acid-mine drainage, including SO4, Fe, Ni, Co and Zn. Dissolved nutrients, including NO3 and PO4, have been removed from domestic septic-system effluent and agricultural drainage. |
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0169-7722 |
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Sept.; Treatment of inorganic contaminants using permeable reactive barriers; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/9401.pdf; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9401 |
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46 |
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Smyth, D.; Blowes, D.; Ptacek, C.; Bain, J. |
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Application of permeable reactive barriers for treating mine drainage and dissolved metals in groundwater |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
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Geotechnical News |
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22 |
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1 |
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39-44 |
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acid mine drainage; acid rock drainage; aquifers; Canada; Cochrane District Ontario; concentration; disposal barriers; Eastern Canada; ground water; Kidd Creek; mine drainage; mines; Ontario; oxidation; permeability; permeable reactive barrier; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sulfates; sulfides; tailings; testing; Timmins Ontario; waste disposal; waste management; waste rock; waste water; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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0823-650x |
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Application of permeable reactive barriers for treating mine drainage and dissolved metals in groundwater; 2006-058196; References: 20; sects. Canada (CAN); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5457 |
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66 |
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Gale, J.E.; MacLeod, R.; Bursey, G. |
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The role of hydrogeology in developing effective mine water control programs in fractured porous rocks Resources development and Earth science; environmental and economic issues (Abstract) |
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Book Chapter |
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1999 |
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Atlantic Geology |
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172 |
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anisotropy; bedrock; controls; fractured materials; fractures; geometry; ground water; heterogeneity; mine dewatering; mines; mining; mining geology; numerical models; permeability; porous materials; remediation; three-dimensional models; underground mining; velocity 21, Hydrogeology |
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35 |
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Pickerill, R.K.; Barr, S.M.; Williams, G.L. |
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The role of hydrogeology in developing effective mine water control programs in fractured porous rocks Resources development and Earth science; environmental and economic issues (Abstract); GeoRef; English; 2000-073328; Geological Association of Canada, 1999 annual technical meeting, Newfoundland Section, Saint Johns, NL, Canada, Feb. 22-23, 1999 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5958 |
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69 |
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Taylor, J.; Waters, J. |
| Title |
Treating ARD; how, when, where and why |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Mining Environmental Management |
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11 |
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3 |
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6-9 |
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acid mine drainage; acid rock drainage; acidification; alkalinity; carbonate rocks; chemical properties; chemical reactions; coal; disposal barriers; economics; flocculation; ground water; heavy metals; human activity; ion exchange; limestone; mines; oxidation; oxides; permeability; pollution; porosity; pyrolusite; remediation; sedimentary rocks; surface water; waste disposal; waste management; water pollution; water treatment; wetlands 22, Environmental geology |
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0969-4218 |
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Treating ARD; how, when, where and why; 2004-045038; References: 8; illus. incl. 2 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5528 |
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225 |
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